Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 229 - 237, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Ladislav Holko, Diana Španková: Baseflow in the mountain catchment of the Jalovecký creek in hydrological years 1988-2013

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• The article first documents uncertainties in the definition of baseflow. Then we compute baseflow in the small mountain catchment of the Jalovecký creek by separation methods representing various approaches. Median of the baseflow index (BFI is the ratio of separated baseflow to total runoff) varies between 0.56 and 0.94 as given by the digital filters of Chapman and Eckhardt, respectively. Statistical method of Kille which is usually used in evaluation of groundwater resources provided BFI index 0.42. Separation lines given by the Eckhardt’s digital filter and by analytical method of Furey and Gupta were similar to pre-event water contributions derived from the isotopic hydrograph separations.
  
  KEY WORDS: baseflow, definitions, mountain catchment, isotopic hydrograph separation
  
  Address:
  - Ladislav Holko, Experimentálna hydrologická základňa, Ondrašovecká 16 03105 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421445522522 Fax.: Email: holko@uh.savba.sk)
  - Diana Španková, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Prírodovedecká fakulta Katedra hydrogeológie, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 238 - 248, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Mária Dóšová, Pavla Pekárová, Dana Halmová: Water temperature dependence on altitude – temperature gradient of the Jalovecký stream

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• Water temperature is an important physical characteristic of water. Water temperature has a significant impact on river flora and fauna and it influences the quality of the aquatic ecosystem. Water temperature like other physical-chemical indicators of water quality; enters into the assessment of ecological status of surface waters in accordance with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (European Commission WFD, 2000). It is therefore important to monitor the water temperature and know how it is affected. According to the Water Framework Directive is also necessary to establish water temperature limit values for different water bodies in Slovakia. In the small mountain basins the measurements of water temperature are mostly not available. Therefore, we are not able to determine the water temperature limit values for classification of mountain streams to different classification levels – quality classes. Part of the project VEGA has also been organizing the water temperature measurements in the alpine Jalovecký stream basin. This paper provides basic information about the temperature conditions at Jalovecký stream. It is focused on analyzing the development of water temperature depending on the altitude of sensor.
  
  KEY WORDS: water temperature, temperature gradient, Jalovecky stream basin
  
  Address:
  - Mária Dóšová, Stredoslovenská vodárenská spoločnosť, a. s. Partizánska cesta 5 974 00 Banská Bystrica, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: dosova.maria@stvs.sk)
  - Pavla Pekárová, ÚH SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Dana Halmová, ÚH SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 249 - 257, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Katarína Kučárová, Pavla Pekárová, Peter Škoda: Proposal of the methodology update for establishing the classification scheme of water temperature for the pilot Morava River Basin

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• Development of evaluation systems of ecological status and ecological potential of surface water took place in Slovakia in 2005-2007. In accordance to the requirements of Directive 2000/60 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Water Framework Directive / RSV) the water temperature has been included among the basic physico-chemical quality elements for the surface water. Determination of the classification scheme for water temperature is based on the historical long-term water temperature measurements from national monitoring of surface water quality. Ecological status of the surface water bodies with respect to water temperature is classified into different classes based on statistical processing of the results of individual measurements of water temperature obtained during surface water sampling for physico-chemical quality elements. Sampling is usually performed once per month during different time of day. The temperature of the water during the day and year fluctuates significantly depending on the air temperature, altitude of the stream and on the hydrological situation. Therefore, it is necessary to specify and update for the water temperature parameter the Methodology of the Ministry of the Environment (2007), which established the classification schemes in terms of the WFD requirements, determined in Government Regulation No. 269/2010 Z.z.
  
  KEY WORDS: water temperature, classification scheme, Water Framework Directive
  
  Address:
  - Katarína Kučárová, Sekcia vôd, Ministerstvo životného prostredia, Námestie Ľ. Štúra č. 1, 812 35 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 02 59343298 Fax.: Email: katarina.kucarova@enviro.gov.sk)
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Škoda, SHMÚ, Jeséniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 258 - 266, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Ivan Mrnčo, Peter Blštak, Peter Hudec, Tomáš Gibala: Rainfall-runoff model – creation and calibration for the needs of flood warning system

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• The paper deals with the applications of the modern computational methods to address global flood forecasting and warning system. Mathematical computer model will simulate the processes associated with rainfall runoff. For excessive rainfall event diluted water from sewer network is outlet to the river, which can cause elevated levels of water flow in river and cause local flooding. Therefore, the scope of the project is to investigate the interaction of sewage network and water flow to the extent of flooding. Behavior of water flow in river and in the sewer network is simulated using two mathematical computer models. MIKE 21 FM is used to simulate runoff processes in the river in a 2D environment and MIKE URBAN - MOUSE is used to simulate runoff processes in the sewer network. Both models are interconnected, and the results of one serve as input boundary conditions for second model. For calibration of rainfall-runoff conditions in the stream are the values of water level and for calibration of rainfall-runoff conditions in the sewer network are the values of water level and flow measuring. Thus prepared model is used to simulate different load conditions, their evaluation and to propose measures that eliminate flood damage.
  
  KEY WORDS: flood, runoff mathematical modeling, hydroinformatics, urban areas
  
  Address:
  - Ivan Mrnčo, ITKON, spol. s r. o. , Dohnányho, 917 02 Trnava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: ivan.mrnco@itkon.sk)
  - Peter Blštak, ITKON, spol. s r. o., Dohnányho, 917 02 Trnava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Hudec, ITKON, spol. s r. o., Dohnányho, 917 02 Trnava, Slovenská republika
  - Tomáš Gibala, DHI SLOVAKIA s.r.o., Hattalova 12, 831 03 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 267 - 280, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Valent, Michal Danko, Pavol Miklánek: Sensitivity analysis of a rainfall-runoff model

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• In the rainfall-runoff modelling it is inevitable to take into account various sources of model uncertainties influencing the quality of simulated runoff from a catchment. The paper deals with a sensitivity analysis of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model KZOM on a case study from Jalovecký creek catchment. The sensitivity analysis comprised of 1) examining ability of the model to repeatedly achieve equally good results, 2) sensitivity of model on the length of calibration period, 3) examining the impact of model parameters on the quality of simulation and 4) sensitivity of model on the quality of input data. The sensitivity analysis showed that model is able to repeatedly achieve equally good results in the terms of a value of optimization criterion. Using the sensitivity analysis we have also managed to estimate the minimum length of a calibration period, identify non-sensitive parameters, whose values were fixed (these parameters could be omitted from calibration) or to adjust the range of sensitive parameters. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the quality of the precipitation amounts was crucial, while the model was able to achieve relatively good results with severely corrupted series of air temperatures and daily potential evapotranspiration. The paper demonstrates the importance of sensitivity analysis in the process of selecting appropriate model and its diagnostics as well as in the suggesting an appropriate calibration scheme.
  
  KEY WORDS: sensitivity analysis, rainfall-runoff modelling, model calibration, uncertainty, model uncertainty
  
  Address:
  - Peter Valent, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: peter_valent@stuba.sk)
  - Michal Danko, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Experimentálna hydrologická základňa, Ondrašovecká 16, 03105 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovenská republika
  - Pavol Miklánek, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 281 - 289, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Roman Výleta, Ján Szolgay, Peter Valent: Disaggregation of daily precipitation amounts to hourly data using a hybrid random cascade model in the Sliač station

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• In the recent years a large number of models enabling generation of precipitation amounts using a disaggregation technique from daily to sub-daily time step has been developed. Among the other types the most common models are models of random cascades which are based on the theory of weight stability. The work deals with the design of a new hybrid microcanonical model of random disaggregation cascade, which disaggregate daily precipitation amounts into hourly. The methodology is based on the use of a binary random cascade of third order, which disaggregates daily precipitation amounts into three hour intervals. These are further disaggregated into one hour intervals using the probabilities of the occurrence of rainfall events in the three hour time step. The developed model preserves precipitation amounts, when the probability distributions of the weights in each level of the cascade are obtained from observed precipitation amounts. The methodology was applied in the Sliač station.
  
  KEY WORDS: disaggregation of daily precipitation amounts, model of random microcanonical multiplicative cascade, stochastic model
  
  Address:
  - Roman Výleta, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274 498 Fax.: +4212 52923 575 Email: roman.vyleta@stuba.sk)
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Valent, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 290 - 297, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Karolína Zechelová, Silvia Kohnová: Analysis of the observation period length impact on derived values of scaling exponents at the selected rain guage station in Slovakia

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• This study was aimed on the deriving the scaling exponent values and testing of their variability due to various observations lengths at the Hurbanovo, Oravská Lesná and Košice rain gauge stations. By scaling moments of the short term rainfall intensities for various durations, scaling exponents were derived in the warm season for the whole and for of 10, 20, 30 and 40 years observation periods. Derived scaling exponents were compared. To verify the influence of different values of scaling exponents on the design short term rainfall values the sensitivity analysis was used. The study finally proved the possibility of using simple scaling method for estimating design values and tested their variability in various periods of observations.
  
  KEY WORDS: scaling exponents, design rainfall, IDF curves
  
  Address:
  - Karolína Zechelová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: karolina.zechelova@stuba.sk)
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 298 - 307, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Michal Danko: Reconstruction of extreme flood wave, 16th May 2014, Jalovecký creek catchment

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• The aim of this paper is the reconstruction of the flood wave, peak flow estimation and evaluation of meteorological events in the Jalovecký creek catchment during flooding in May 2014, which was one of the biggest events recorded since the start of 1987. In the paper were processed data from gauging profile since 1988, based on which the processed dependencies between flow area, discharge and flow velocity in the river bed. Peak flow was also estimated using Manning's equation and regional parameters. For the Jalovecký creek catchment (mountian area, 22.2 km2) was estimated peak flow with parameters: 16.5.2014 1:00 am, 22,5 m3/s and water level 176 cm.
  
  KEY WORDS: peak floow, flood, reconstruction of flood wave
  
  Address:
  - Michal Danko, Ústav hydrológie SAV Experimentálna hydrologická základňa Ondrašovecká 16, 031 05 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42144 5522522 Fax.: +42144 5522522 Email: danko@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 308 - 319, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Marián Melo, Peter Pišút, Katarína Melová, Peter Viglaš: Historical flood marks from the 1775 Danube flood in Bratislava

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• During study of 18th century historical documents we found some information about two former flood marks from the Danube flood of 1775 in Bratislava. In this article we explain results of our investigation of specific sites, where these flood marks were originally located. We bring knowledge about the course of this ice flood on the Danube River in Bratislava based upon the study of historical records (mainly newspaper Preßburger Zeitung).
  
  KEY WORDS: flood mark, historic flood, archive, newspaper, Danube
  
  Address:
  - Marián Melo, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky Mlynská dolina 842 48 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: melo@fmph.uniba.sk)
  - Peter Pišút, Prírodovedecká fakulta, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Katarína Melová, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav, Jeséniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Viglaš, Ministerstvo vnútra SR Archív hl. mesta SR Bratislavy Markova 1, P.O.Box 40 850 05 Bratislava 55

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 320 - 331, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Július Šútor, Justína Vitková, Peter Šurda, Peter Stradiot, Viliam Nagy: Quantification of seasonal water supplies in the soil aeration zone in the Zahorska Lowland

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• Water supplies in the soil aeration zone in lowland areas are influenced by meteorological effects, vegetation cover, position and fluctuation of ground water table and human activity during the hydrological year. Integral impact of these components determines the creation and course of water supply in the soil aeration zone during the whole hydrological year or vegetation period. Human activity in a landscape directly influences the dynamics of this water resource, both from quantitative and qualitative point of view. In the region of the Zahorska Lowland, the dominant influences are agricultural activity and impact of those meteorological effects that determine the soil drought. Objective method for evaluation of water supplies in the soil aeration zone is based on direct monitoring. In this paper, there are quantified water supplies in the soil aeration zone in the localities Vysoká pri Morave, Veľké Leváre, Jakubov (Záhorský kanál) and Kostolište (Ježovka) for particular parts of the year 2002. The results are graphically processed for seasons: spring (March, April, May), summer (June, July, August), autumn (September, October, November) and winter (December, January, February). The results are compared with hydrolimits of soils in the Zahorska Lowland.
  
  KEY WORDS: moisture regime of soil, monitoring of soil moisture, water supply in soil, seasonal changes of water supply in soil
  
  Address:
  - Július Šútor, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268302 Fax.: Email: sutor@uh.savba.sk)
  - Justína Vitková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Šurda, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Stradiot, Výskumný ústav vodného hospodárstva, Nábrežie arm. Gen. L. Svobodu 5, 812 49 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Viliam Nagy, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 332 - 337, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Justína Vitková, Nina Klečková, Miroslava Jarabicová, Jana Skalová: Possible impact of climate change on changes in soil water regime by using regional models KNMI and MPI at Zahorska lowland

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• This article deals with possible impact of climate change on soil water storage in Zahorska lowland if climate parameters will develop by regional climate models KNMI and MPI in the future. In our analyze we used a grass as a vegetation cover. We compared results in reference period (1964-1983 years) and in time horizon 2090 in the future (2081-2100 years). Comparison of mathematical simulation in soil layer 0 – 0.5 m shows that soil water storage will decrease using grass as a vegetation cover. Both climate models are very similar in conclusion.
  
  KEY WORDS: climate change, soil water storage, mathematical simulation
  
  Address:
  - Justína Vitková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268302 Fax.: Email: vitkova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Nina Klečková, Stavebná fakulta, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Miroslava Jarabicová, Stavebná fakulta, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Jana Skalová, Stavebná fakulta, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 338 - 345, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Tamara Látková, Jana Skalová, Mária Pásztorová: Impact assessment of climate change on soil water storage for selected crops in the Poiplie area

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• This paper is aimed to assess the impact of climate change on soil water storage by 2100 in area Poiplie for two different crops, and that crop of grass and crop of oilseed rape (rape oilseed winter). For the modeling of soil water storage mathematical model GLOBAL was used. Compared was the supply of water in the soil layer (0–50 cm) of the reference period 1997–1996 with soil water storage simulated using climatic data which were calculated according to two regional climate models KNMI dutch (Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut) and MPI (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie) german for the time horizont 2081–2100.
  
  KEY WORDS: climate change, water regime of soil, soil water storage, natural conditions of Poiplie area
  
  Address:
  - Tamara Látková, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: tamara.latkova@stuba.sk)
  - Jana Skalová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Mária Pásztorová, Výskumný ústav vodného hospodárstva, Nábrežie arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 812 49 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 346 - 360, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Milan Čistý, Anna Becová, Ľuboš Čelár: Contribution to a multi-dimensional analysis of irrigation demand

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• In this paper, the authors presents joint analysis of two variables: the severity and duration of the so-called maximum annual length of potential irrigation period. The aim of this paper is to contribute to an analysis of droughts in terms of supplementary irrigation. For verification of the methodology the region of Hurbanovo was selected. The methods used in the analysis of the associated variables describing the phenomenon include a method of aggregation operators, so-called copulas. To this end, the paper evaluates one-dimensional distributions of the selected marginal quantities, and subsequently determining a copula that allows for the definition of a two-dimensional probability function. The aim of the paper is to estimate the return of dry periods with critical temperature and rainfall-deficit characteristics.
  
  KEY WORDS: drought, irrigation, precipitation, rainfall, temperature, distribution function, copula
  
  Address:
  - Milan Čistý, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: milan.cisty@stuba.sk)
  - Anna Becová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ľuboš Čelár, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 361 - 369, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Petr Dušek, Yvetta Velísková: Hydrological and hydrogeological conditions at Žitný ostrov channel network area

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• The paper deals with hydro – geological conditions of Žitný Ostrov area. This area is very important and suitable for research of ground water and surface water interaction (GW – SW interaction). The paper summarises geographical, geological and hydrologic (precipitation, surface water, ground water) information about this locality. These data are necessary for evaluation of GW – SW interaction and also for creation of numerical models of this area.
  
  KEY WORDS: hydrogeology, surface water, groundwater, interaction
  
  Address:
  - Petr Dušek, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268259 Fax.: Email: dusek@uh.savba.sk)
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 370 - 378, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Valentín Sočuvka, Yvetta Velísková: Possibilities of determining the thickness and volume of the bottom sediments in water reservoirs

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• Silting of water reservoirs is a result of several processes, which including erosion, transport and deposition of sediments in the reservoir environment. All these processes have a significant impact on the operation and at the same time have a significant impact on the river system and his environment. Therefore we are currently challenging with increasing scale of the determining thickness and volume of the bottom sediments, mainly in a water dams, ponds and retention reservoirs. Correct measurement of the volume of bottom sediments is a fundamental prerequisite for the design of effective protective remediation, because removal of the bottom sediments is a necessary precondition to fulfill the purpose and function of water dam in the long term. This contribution analyzes hydrographic and geophysical methods which are enabling sediment thickness measurement and total volume calculation of colmatage in water areas with high precision.
  
  KEY WORDS: bottom sediment, bathymetry, geophysical measurement, hydrographic survey, accumulation volume change
  
  Address:
  - Valentín Sočuvka, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 , 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: socuvka@uh.savba.sk)
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 379 - 388, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Radoslav Schügerl, Yvetta Velísková, Renáta Dulovičová: Influence an obstacle in the laboratory flume on the velocity profile

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• In this artcicle the results of velocity profile measurements in a rectangular flume using the ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry) method are presented. It has also been measured flow rate. The measurements are carried out in the Institute of Hydrodynamics AV ČR Praha in rectangular cross section. To measure the speed profile of the threedimensional ultrasound probe ADV device was used FlowTracker (SonTek/YSI). An obstacle was installed into the laboratory flume, what modified the flow course both in horizontal and vertical direction. First, the undisturbed velocity profile was measured and afterwards profile behind the obstacle were measured. The FlowTracker device was tested in „General mode operation“, in which all the three velocity vectors of the measured point are recorded. The content of this article are changes to these components and the impact of values measured flow rate to the speed component vx, vy, vz.
  
  KEY WORDS: velocity profile, ADV, rectangular flume shape, flow with free surface, flow rate
  
  Address:
  - Radoslav Schügerl, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: schugerl@uh.savba.sk)
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Renáta Dulovičová, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 389 - 397, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Yvetta Velísková, Martin Mišík: Application of MIKE21 for simulation of pollutant transport at upper part of Hron River

 Full Text in PDF     44 DOWNLOADS

• The paper describes results of the software tool MIKE21 testing, which was performed under the project „Quantification of input data influence on correctness of outputs of dispersion simulation models for surface water“ (APVV-0274-10). This model has been primarily developed for simulation of hydrodynamic processes in surface water. Its applicability has been increased by adding the next modules for solution of other water management tasks, as advection-dispersion in a stream, bed load and suspended load transport, hydro-ecological tasks, etc. The twodimensional model of hydrodynamic and transport processes along the Hron River reach from the Istebník stream outlet (rkm 184.8) to Kremnička nad Hronom (rkm 170.4) was created. Data from field tracer experiments performed at this river reach was used for model verification.
  
  KEY WORDS: pollution, transport, surface water, numerical simulation, MIKE 21
  
  Address:
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: veliskova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Martin Mišík, DHI SLOVAKIA, s.r.o., Hattalova 12, 831 03 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 398 - 405, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Pavel Berta, Marek Sokáč: Influence of outlet type and singular points on pollution mixing in surface waters

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• Paper describes the mechanisms of pollution mixing in surface waters and the impact of the outlet type on shape of the contamination cloud and mixing length. Requirements for the determination of the mixing zone are set up by the EP directive nr. 2008/105 EC and its subsequent implementation into the Slovak legislation in form of Gov. Decree nr. 270/2010. Paper includes simulation of contamination with the same parameters and flow discharges for different outlet types. The simulations were performed using 2D advection - dispersion model MIKE 21. Paper describes simulation results - changes in water quality below the effluent outlets points, as well as the effectiveness of the use of certain technical measures to achieve faster mixing of pollution in the river.
  
  KEY WORDS: mixing zone, mixing length, dispersion coefficient, numerical simulation, MIKE 21
  
  Address:
  - Pavel Berta, Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave, Katedra zdravotného a environmentálneho inžinierstva, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 21 592 74 286 Fax.: Email: pavel.berta@stuba.sk)
  - Marek Sokáč, Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave, Katedra zdravotného a environmentálneho inžinierstva, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 406 - 412, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Jaroslav Noskovič, Mária Babošová, Jana Porhajašová, Terézia Čeryová: Changes of values of pH and conductivity on the water of National Nature Reserve Číčov oxbow

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• The pH value significantly influences the chemical and biochemical processes, metal solubility and toxicity of some substances in water. For these reasons, it is an important indicator of its quality. Conductivity in the nature water with very low concentration of organic matters is a measure of the content of inorganic electrolytes (anions and cations). It depends on the concentrations and mobility of ions and temperature. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the changes of pH and conductivity during the years 2010-2013 in the water of National Nature Reserve Čičov oxbow, which represents a unique habitat for birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, rare and protected species of plant of Žitný ostrov.
  
  KEY WORDS: pH, conductivity, surface water, National Nature Reserve
  
  Address:
  - Jaroslav Noskovič, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie, Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov, SPU Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 037 641 4422 Fax.: Email: Jaroslav.Noskovic@uniag.sk)
  - Mária Babošová, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie, Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov, SPU Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Jana Porhajašová, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie, Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov, SPU Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Terézia Čeryová, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie, Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov, SPU Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 413 - 423, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Anežka Čelková: The influence of groundwater on soil salinization in the alluvium in the left bank side of Danube river between Komárno and Štúrovo

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• This paper evaluates the characteristics of groundwater important for the formation and spreading of saline soils in the alluvium in the left bank side of Danube river between Komárno and Štúrovo after underground sealing wall realization in the 1997 – 2012 years, and determines the risk that this groundwater poses in salinization and alkalization of the soil. The concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) in the groundwater exceeded that of sulfate (SO42-) and chloride (Cl-), while Ca2+ and Mg2+ dominated the cationic concentrations. The electrical conductivity values (EC) ranged from 84.4 mS.m-1 to 278.0 mS.m-1 and they showed an increasing tendency in most monitored groundwaters between 1997 and 2012. These groundwaters are classified as highly mineralized, with a high degree of danger of soil salinization. The sodium adsorption ratio values SAR < 4 indicated a low sodicity risk of soil due to this groundwater except Iža Bokroš where SAR values ranged from 2.0 to 6.8. Trends for the annual average levels of groundwater tables (HPV) decreased in the most of monitored objects, except Iža Bokroš and Mužla in the 1997 – 2012 hydrological years. Depth of groundwater level ranged from 2.75 m – 6.80 m below the surface, except Iža and Iža Bokroš where groundwater level was situated in a depth of 0.52 m – 2.03 m below the surface.
  
  KEY WORDS: alluvium of Danube river, groundwater, soil salinization, soil alkalization, electrical conductivity
  
  Address:
  - Anežka Čelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava 38, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+ 421 2 49268 263 Fax.: Email: celkova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 424 - 433, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Miloš Rusnák, Milan Lehotský: Floods, bank erosion and lateral shift of gravel bed sinuous channel (Case study of the Topľa River and the Ondava River)

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• The aim of this paper is to evaluate the lateral shift and changes in channel planform of the selected gravel bed, less regulated and laterally partly-confined rivers in north-eastern Slovakia flysch areas based on multitemporal analysis output of remote sensing between 1987, 2002 and 2009. The Ondava River (from mouth to the Veľká Domaša Dam to the city Stropkov, 13.2 km in length) and the Topľa River (in the section from the city Giraltovce to Bardejov, 39.8 km in length) were studied. Individual changes of the selected rivers were studied on the basis of the lateral shift, bank erosion and changes in the channel structures (gravel bars) in the GIS environment.
  
  KEY WORDS: bank erosion, lateral shift, aerial photos, GIS, the Ondava River, the Topľa River
  
  Address:
  - Miloš Rusnák, Geografický ústav SAV, Štefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: geogmilo@savba.sk)
  - Milan Lehotský, Geografický ústav SAV, Štefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p. 434 - 441, doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Petr Doležal: The evaulation of the eficiency of soil conservation measures

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• This paper presents a method that allows the assessment of the effect of erosion control measures. The method is based on a principle of raster output evaluation of erosion rate using GIS environment. The method employs the principles of mathematical statistics. The raster output (raster dataset) represents one of the possible outcomes of the independent event - the average annual soil loss estimate G(x,y). The method compares state before implementation of proposed measures with the alternative versions of the resulting state. The calculated probabilities are also transformed per unit area for better illustration. The method is applicable for partial territory, as well as for overall evaluation of the whole area.
  
  KEY WORDS: erosion, raster, control measures, GIS, soil loss, mathematical statistics
  
  Address:
  - Petr Doležal, Ústav vodního hospodářství krajiny, Fakulta stavební, Žižkova 17, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+420 604177621 Fax.: Email: dolezal.p@fce.vutbr.cz)