Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 3 - 8, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Tomáš Orfánus, Zoltán Bedrna: New soil-texture classification and its implication for hydropedology. Part I. Classification Classification

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• Presented study aims to introduce an innovative soil-texture classification to the (not only) Slovakian hydrologists, which is based not only on the fine-earth composition (mineral particles of sand, silt and clay) but considers also the bulk content of soil skeleton (particles > 2mm) and dead organic matter at different stages of decomposition. Many soils in Slovakia contain high portion of mineral particles > 2 mm, which significantly influence soil water-retention capacity and its hydraulic conductivity and, moreover, complicate the methodology for their estimation. Even more problematic are in this regard the soils (or particular soil horizons) with organic matter content > 50% volumetric. Besides very specific and hardly measureable physical properties they often posses some structure that modifies the rate of vertical and lateral movement of water in such soils
  
  KEY WORDS: soil texture, classification, soil physical properties, soil hydraulic properties
  
  Address:
  - Tomáš Orfánus, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 49268262 Fax.: Email: orfanus@uh.savba.sk)
  - Zoltán Bedrna, Katedra pedológie Prírodovedecká fakulta UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 9 - 18, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Tomáš Orfánus, Zoltán Bedrna: New soil-texture classification and its implication for hydropedology. Part II. hydropedological applications

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• This part of the study relates to hydropedological researches in High Tatra Mt., where significant influence of the soil texture parameters (high soil skeleton and dead organic matter contents) on soil hydraulic properties was observed. The influence of soil skeleton manifested itself in decrease of soil water-retention capacity as well as in decrease of effective soil hydraulic conductivity under satrurated conditions. The dead organic matter may cause the increase in effective wetting angle and thus significant decrease of soil matrix hydraulic conductivity in A-horizon. The preferential lateral runoff was observed in the superimposed organic (histic) horizon with laminar structure, as well.
  
  KEY WORDS: water-retention capacity, hydraulic conductivity, decreased wettability, surface runoff
  
  Address:
  - Tomáš Orfánus, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 49268262 Fax.: Email: orfanus@uh.savba.sk)
  - Zoltán Bedrna, Katedra pedológie Prírodovedecká fakulta UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 19 - 27, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Július Šútor, Peter Šurda, Vlasta Štekauerová: Quantifying characteristics of the impact of meteorological events and vegetative cover on available water resource in the soil

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• The assessment of the extreme meteorological event impact on available soil water storage can be done through the use of process characteristics, which are determined by climatic conditions. These characteristics are potential and actual evapotranspiration, precipitation and their mutual algebraic combinations, i.e. relative evapotranspiration, (Eto/Eta), deficit of evapotranspiration (Eto-Eta) and climatic drought index or irrigation requirement index (Eto-P). In the submitted article is presented quantitative analysis of the previously mentioned characteristics. Quantitative analysis was performed in the conditions of the locality Trstena na Ostrove, which belongs to the region of the Rye island. For this purpose were used the results of the direct monitoring of the soil water storage dynamics from years 1989-1996, sets of the potential and actual evapotranspiration data from the numerical simulation on the HYDRUS model and precipitation totals.
  
  KEY WORDS: potential and actual evapotranspiration, soil water regime, monitoring of the soil moisture, numerical simulation, HYDRUS
  
  Address:
  - Július Šútor, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 838 11 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:4212 49268293 Fax.: Email: sutor@uh.savba.sk)
  - Peter Šurda, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 838 11 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 838 11 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 28 - 37, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Tatiana Kaletová, Marek Rodný, Vlasta Štekauerová, Luboš Jurík, Dušan Igaz: Diagnostics of the soil water regime based on complex soil survey

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• Due to the extreme time and money consumption of the field monitoring campaigns, mathematical models became an inevitable tool in the soil water regime diagnostic issues. Apparent dependence between the soil hydrophysical characteristics and easily measurable soil properties has led researchers to empirical formulations, known as the Pedotransfer functions (PTFs), which are a helpful tool in parametrization of the mathematical models. In the present study we have analyzed the potential of the “class” Pedotransfer functions combined with the information extracted from the Complex soil survey (KPP). Derived hydrophysical parameters were used in the soil water dynamics modelling of the agricultural soil at the study site Bocegaj. Mathematical modelling under conditions of constricted hydropedological input information was statistically evaluated using the differences between the modelled and measured soil water storage in the year 2010.
  
  KEY WORDS: pedotransfer functions, soil water regime, HYDRUS-1D
  
  Address:
  - Tatiana Kaletová, Fakulta záhradníctva a krajinného inžinierstva SPU v Nitre Hospodárska 7 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 (37) 641 5234 Fax.: Email: tatiana.kaletova@uniag.sk)
  - Marek Rodný, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 02 492 682 76 Fax.: Email: rodny@uh.savba.sk)
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Luboš Jurík, Fakulta záhradníctva a krajinného inžinierstva SPU v Nitre Hospodárska 7 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Dušan Igaz, Fakulta záhradníctva a krajinného inžinierstva SPU v Nitre Hospodárska 7 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 38 - 45, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Marek Rodný, Vlasta Štekauerová, Viliam Nagy, Tatiana Kaletová, Hana Hlaváčiková: Application of the optimization multialgorithm in the soil water regime diagnostic process

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• Exact knowledge of the soil water storage and dynamics creates basic hydrological aspect of agriculture, flood protection and many other disciplines. Amount of information obtained from the direct monitoring campaigns is usually insufficient for complex soil water diagnostic issues. Therefore mathematical models of the soil water regime are extensively used despite the problematical identification of the representative soil-plant-atmosphere system characteristics. In the proposed study we present the potential of the inverse modelling approach based on the global optimization multialgorithm AMALGAM applied on two distinct synthetic datasets generated with the HYDRUS 1D model. The objectives of this study are to shed some light on inverse identification of the hydrophysical parameters using the soil water data of restricted quantity and quality reflecting the possibilities of traditional field monitoring campaigns organized biweekly. As was shown in our study, inverse modeling of the constrained datasets leads to the problem of non-uniqueness. Usage of the non-unique parameter sets could be relevant for the soil water dynamic modeling but for more detailed analysis of hydrological balance it is important to enlarge the prior information database about the soil profile under study.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil water regime, HYDRUS 1D, AMALGAM
  
  Address:
  - Marek Rodný, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 02 492 682 76 Fax.: Email: rodny@uh.savba.sk)
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Viliam Nagy, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Tatiana Kaletová, Fakulta záhradníctva a krajinného inžinierstva SPU v Nitre Hospodárska 7 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Hana Hlaváčiková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 46 - 53, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Milan Gomboš, Dana Pavelková: The impact of groundwater on the water evaporation from soil

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• Water evaporation is one of the most important elements of hydrologic cycle. The paper analyses the impact of groundwater on intensity and course of actual evapotranspiration. Analysis is based on numerical experiment using the GLOBAL mathematical model. Prior to the experiment, the model had been verified by comparing calculated and measured soil water storage in the examined localities into the depth of 0.8 m. The experiment quantifies the groundwater level (GWL) impact on actual evapotranspiration. Three phases of groundwater level impact have been identified. Threshold values of GWL were identified in the examined profiles. They are boundary between non-linear and residual phase of the impact. At the residual phase, GWL impact on potential evapotranspiration intensity is negligible.
  
  KEY WORDS: potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, groundwater level
  
  Address:
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce, Hollého 42, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 056 6425 147 Fax.: +421 056 6425 147 Email: gombos@uh.savba.sk)
  - Dana Pavelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce, Hollého 42, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 54 - 58, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Milan Gomboš, Branislav Kandra: Impact of groundwater level regulation to evaporation of soil water through plant surface

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• The aim of the submitted contribution is to analyze plant evaporation during the transition from the stress conditions to the moisture optimum conditions. Moisture conditions were specified by water storage to the depth of 1 m, which was determined by numerical simulation on the mathematical model GLOBAL. Moisture aspects were specified by hydrolimits of “field water capacity”, “threshold point” and “wilting point”. Daily courses of water storage in the chosen vegetation periods during the 38-years period (1970 - 2008) were specified by the regulation of groundwater level. Consequently, these courses were compared to the usable water capacity and calculated courses of actual transpiration.
  
  KEY WORDS: transpiration, soil water storage, ground water level, hydrolimits
  
  Address:
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce, Hollého 42, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 056 6425 147 Fax.: +421 056 6425 147 Email: gombos@uh.savba.sk)
  - Branislav Kandra, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce, Hollého 42, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 59 - 69, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Mária Pásztorová, Jana Skalová: Development of soil water storage as a consequence of climate change

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• Climate change is one of the most recent issues of today's world. It is a phenomenon that common people perceive through changes and extreme events of weather. In particular, climate change includes mainly temperature changes, uneven distribution of precipitation, increase in alternate of short torrential precipitation and longer non-precipitation periods. The occurrence of short torrential precipitation recently caused significant damage to property, because small streams change to wild rivers. But climate change cannot be perceived only by weather change, because climate change has much more impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, many foreign and domestic research institutions dealing with the issue of climate change and forecasting of meteorological elements, in order to apply expression of climate change for a variety of other needs, whether for agriculture, hydrology, etc. Through submitted work, we decided to analyze the development of soil water storage as a consequence of climate change, because through the soil water storage can be soil water regime well characterized.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil water regime, climate change, soil water regime
  
  Address:
  - Mária Pásztorová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 2 59274616 Fax.: Email: maria.pasztorova@stuba.sk)
  - Jana Skalová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 70 - 80, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Martina Zeleňáková, Tatiana Soľáková, Pavol Purcz, Beáta Demeterová: Trends of low flows in Eastern Slovakia basins

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• The aim of this paper is to identify statistically significant trends in streamflow characteristics of low flows in eastern Slovakia, which are used in the evaluation of the hydrological drought. In this article a methodology for evaluating the hydrological drought based on the statistical analysis of observed low flows at selected 66 gauging stations in eastern Slovakia for a 32-year period is presented. Mann-Kendall statistical test identifies the frequency of low flow trends in river basins: Poprad, Hornád, Bodva, Bodrog in eastern Slovakia. Flow trend sizes are identified by statistical directives. The procedure is also applied in assessing the impact of human activities on hydrological drought occurrence. Obtained results from the statistically significant trends in the flows is established prediction of the hydrological drought risk in each month of the hydrological year in eastern Slovakia.
  
  KEY WORDS: hydrological drought, Mann-Kendall test, low flow, trend
  
  Address:
  - Martina Zeleňáková, Technická univerzita v Košiciach, Stavebná fakulta Ústav environmentálneho inžinierstva, Vysokoškolská 4, 042 00 Košice, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:00421556024270 Fax.: 00421556024331 Email: martina.zelenakova@tuke.sk)
  - Tatiana Soľáková, Technická univerzita v Košiciach, Stavebná fakulta Ústav environmentálneho inžinierstva, Vysokoškolská 4, 042 00 Košice, Slovenská republika
  - Pavol Purcz, Technická univerzita v Košiciach, Stavebná fakulta Ústav technológie a manažmentu v stavebníctve, Vysokoškolská 4, 042 00 Košice, Slovenská republika
  - Beáta Demeterová, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav Regionálne stredisko Košice Ďumbierska 26 041 17 Košice, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 81 - 89, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Yvetta Velísková, Marek Sokáč, Peter Halaj, Viera Kováčová: Relevance of hydraulic and geometrical parameters of stream for hydrodynamic simulation of dispersion

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• This paper deals with input data problems of numerical simulation of dispersion phenomenon in surface water. There is described mainly the dependence of the transverse dispersion coefficients on the basic characteristics of open channels. The preview of experimental values of this coefficient is summarized in the first part of paper. Some of experimental values are results of laboratory research (see Table 1) and some of them are from field measurements (see Table 2). This preview was used for the next analysis of influences of different hydraulic parameters and singularities on transverse dispersion coefficient values - influence of channel geometric parameters, influence of mean stream velocity and shear velocity on this coefficient values. Each of the relation was interpreted by graph (see Fig. 1-8), separately for laboratory conditions and for field measurements. The dependency of dimensionless transverse dispersion coefficient Ky=f(h/B), where h is a stream depth and B is its width , eventually ∈y =f(u*=shear velocity) appears as optimal one for determination of transverse dispersion coefficient values necessary for practical problems and calculations.
  
  KEY WORDS: dispersion, hydraulic parameters of stream, geometrical parameters of stream, numerical simulation
  
  Address:
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: veliskova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Marek Sokáč, Katedra zdravotného a environmentálneho inžinierstva, Radlinského 11, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Halaj, Katedra Krajinného inžinierstva Fakulta záhradníctva a krajinného inžinierstva SPU, Hospodárska 7, 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Viera Kováčová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 90 - 100, doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Jana Pařílková, Zuzana Gardavská, Marie Fejfarová, Zbyněk Zachoval: Long-term monitoring of the dike of small water reservoir using eis method

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• In the monitoring of some physical processes occurring in soils of dike of small water reservoir as a result of water loads is used indirect electrical measuring method of electrical impedance spectrometry. On a form of maps of electrical impedance resp. electrical conductance are identified the anomalies in monitored area. During the long-time monitoring it is possible to evaluate the trends of their development. The paper presents examples of result achieved in monitoring of earth dike of small water reservoir in the municipality of Kobeřice near Slavkov.
  
  KEY WORDS: electrical impedance spectrometry, electrical conductance, soil, dike, small water reservoir, monitoring
  
  Address:
  - Jana Pařílková, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+420 54114 7284 Fax.: +420 54114 7288 Email: parilkova.j@fce.vutbr.cz)
  - Zuzana Gardavská, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika
  - Marie Fejfarová, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika
  - Zbyněk Zachoval, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 101 - 107, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Danka Grambličková, Emília Bednárová, Ján Babečka: Filtration stability of right protection dyke of the Danube in section RKM 1868.1 to 1869.2 - Design and realization

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• Flood dykes are important technical measures reducing negative impact of the flood discharges on environment. On the other hand often the loading of these structures during floods threatens their stability and represents risk for population. Reviewing the safety of constructed flood dykes and eventual designing of their treatment is therefore essential. Due to their line character, often unknown composition of their body and subsoil becomes this problem a very complicated one. Proposed paper concentrates on review of the effect of the designed flood protection measures - bank wall - on seepage conditions in adjacent region Bratislava - Petržalka during flood discharges in the Danube River. It is the right bank flood protection dyke of the Danube River coming from 1868.1 to 1869.2 rkm section. The analysis has been realised using finite element method.
  
  KEY WORDS: flood protection dyke, subsoil, filtration velocity, filtration stability, uplift, remediation measures, finite element method
  
  Address:
  - Danka Grambličková, Katedra geotechniky, SvF STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 259274670 Fax.: Email: danka.gramblickova@stuba.sk)
  - Emília Bednárová, Katedra geotechniky, SvF STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Babečka, Hydroconsulting, s.r.o. Bulharská 70 821 04 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 108 - 115, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Daniel Kubinský, Karol Weis: Retention volume changes of Beliansky water reservoir

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• The paper deals with the volume changes of the Beliansky water reservoir as a result of sedimentation and aggradation of bed loads and wash loads to the area of a water reservoir by the influence of erosive activity of affluents in the watershed. Although with regard to its dimensions, it is a smaller water reservoir with small watershed, there were some changes in the area of water reservoir itself which negatively influenced its retention volume. These changes occurred in the time period of 156 years (1855 – 2011), it means from the creation of available historical plan that we used until now. In spite of the small watershed and occurrence of rocks mainly resistant to weathering, the volume of sediments is significant. Paper contains the procedures of the terrain data collection, as well as calculation of the volume of sediments drifted into the water reservoir. Reduction of water reservoir’s surface is visualized and 3D views depict the relief of the reservoir’s bed for both time horizons (1855 – 2011). The conclusion contains the possible solutions for the erosive activity decrease in the watershed as well as the limitations of sediments supply to the area of Beliansky water reservoir
  
  KEY WORDS: Belianska water reservoir, erosion, sedimentation, retention volume changes
  
  Address:
  - Daniel Kubinský, Katedra životného prostredia Fakulta prírodných vied - Univerzita Mateja Bela Tajovského 40 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: posta@dkubinsky.sk)
  - Karol Weis, Katedra geografie, geológie a krajinnej ekológie Fakulta prírodných vied - Univerzita Mateja Bela Tajovského 40 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 116 - 125, doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Pavel Stračánek: The study of flow in the chamber of vertical one slot fishway in Železný Brod.

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• This paper deals with the flow of water in the vertical one slot fishway. For laboratory experiments was constructed physical model of fishway in Železny Brod. It was measured velocity field and waveforms rates at two levels. The results were compared with measurements on the real object. On the basis of a 3D visualization of water flow in the one slot fishway using freely available software Paraview 3.12t, we discuss about the bait current and occurrence of eddy field.
  
  KEY WORDS: fish, migration, fishway, slot, flow, weir, physical model, environment
  
  Address:
  - Pavel Stračánek, Vysoké učení technické v Brne Fakulta stavební Ústav vodních staveb Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu Veveří 95 602 00 Brno Česká republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: +420 54114 7283 Fax.: +420 54114 7288 Email: stracanek@gmail.com)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 126 - 134, doi:
Scientific Paper, English

Marcela Škrovinová, Ivan Stankoci, Jana Kráľová, Viliam Macura: Evaluation Of The Quality Of The Aquatic Habitat And Fish Covers For Brown Trout Of The Drietomica River By Rhabsim Model

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• Ecological status of the river is influenced by many factors, of which the most important are fauna and flora; in this paper defined as habitat. During the years 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2011, research of the hydroecological quality was evaluated in the reference section of the Drietomica River. Drietomica is a typical representative river of the Slovak flysch area and is located in north-western part of the Slovakia, in the region of White Carpathians. In this article the results of microhabitat modeling by means of Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) are presented. For the 1- dimensional modeling, the River Habitat Simulation System (RHABSIM), was used to analyse the interaction between a water flow, morphology of a riverbed and biological components of the environment. Hydroecological quality was evaluated after detailed ichthyological, topographical and hydro-morphological surveys. The main step was the assessing of the biotic habitat characteristics through the suitability curves for Brown trout. Suitability curves are a graphic representation of the main biotic and abiotic preferences for microhabitat´s components. The suitability curves were derived for the depth, velocity, fish covers and degree of the shading. For evaluating the quality of the aquatic habitat 19 fish covers were closely monitored and evaluated. The results of the Weighted Usable Area (WUA = f (Q)) were evaluated from a comprehensive assessment of the reference reach of the Drietomica River.
  
  KEY WORDS: IFIM methodology, RHABSIM model, bioindication, Weight Usable Area (WUA)
  
  Address:
  - Marcela Škrovinová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 831 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421910 326 462 Fax.: Email: marcela.skrovinova@stuba.sk)
  - Ivan Stankoci, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 831 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Jana Kráľová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 831 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Viliam Macura, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 831 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 135 - 141, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Mária Babošová, Jaroslav Noskovič: Evaluation of ph and conductivity in precipitation on a research-experimental base spu in Nitra – Dolná Malanta

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• By burning fossil fuels, especially low-quality coal, into the atmosphere gets the amount of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, which contribute to the reduction of precipitation pH values. In addition to combustion processes to reduce the pH of precipitation also participates in industry and transport. In the vicinity of industrial areas of precipitation pH value can drop up to pH 3 - 5. In these areas due to air pollution increasing the value of the conductivity of precipitation. The objective of the contribution was to evaluate the Ph and the conductivity of the precipitation on an experimental base of SPU in Nitra Dolná Malanta.
  
  KEY WORDS: atmospheric precipitations, acid precipitation, pH and conductivity
  
  Address:
  - Mária Babošová, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov SPU v Nitre Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 037 641 4490 Fax.: Email: Maria.Babosova@uniag.sk)
  - Jaroslav Noskovič, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov SPU v Nitre Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 142 - 152, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Mária Martincová, Pavla Pekárová, Pavol Miklánek, Milan Onderka, Lea Mrafková: Water quality determinands modeling in the Belá river during 1991–2010

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• Paper is devoted to the evaluation of water quality in Bela River at sampling site Liptovsky Hradok during 20-years period 1991–2010. The first part of paper deals with long-term trend analysis of the water temperature and other selected water quality determinants. To evaluate these trends, we use Mann-Kendall trend test, which belongs to nonparametric tests. In general, during the observed period 1991–2009 water quality was improved. In the case of ammonia (N-NH4 +) and sulphates was the decreasing trend significant from the statistical point of view. In the second part there are modeled selected water quality determinants in daily time step using multi-regression methods.
  
  KEY WORDS: Bela River, water quality, Mann-Kendall trend test, multi-regression analysis
  
  Address:
  - Mária Martincová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 44259311 Fax.: 004212 44259311 Email: pekarova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Pavol Miklánek, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Milan Onderka, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Lea Mrafková, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav Jeséniova 17 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 153 - 164, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Ján Pekár, Pavla Pekárová, Peter Škoda, Veronika Bačová Mitková, Ladislav Holko, Zdeněk Kostka: Wistorical floods, regionalization and design t-year peak flow values for rivers with short observation period in the Western Tatra mountain region

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• Historical floods inclusion into the observed peak flow series databases, brings itself an important rise in the T-year peak discharge estimates accuracy. This particularly in estimates for very low exceedance probability (500–1000-year peaks). In such cases, simple statistical procedures yield in high estimate errors. It is therefore necessary to use special mathematical procedures to include historical floods data into the annual peak flow series, and to use regionalization methods for the design peak value estimates. In the presented paper, on base of the historical data from the Liptov region (northern Slovakia), we estimated 1813 and 1894 flood discharges of the Belá River at stations Podbanské and Liptovský Hrádok. By these values we supplemented the Belá River annual maximum specific runoff qmax series, existing since 1925. From such supplemented peak flow data series, we determined the probability exceedance-peak discharge distribution curve parameters according to the log-Pearson III. type distribution curve. These parameters, together with the estimated historical specific peak flows, we used for the regional peak flow distribution curve estimates. These parameters we also used for T-year specific peak flow estimates for stations with short instrumental flow data series in the Western Tatra Mountains region.
  
  KEY WORDS: historical floods, flood frequency analysis, regionalization
  
  Address:
  - Ján Pekár, Katedra aplikovanej matematiky a štatistiky Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky UK Mlynská dolina 842 48 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 602 95 635 Fax.: 004212 654 12 305 Email: Jan.Pekar@fmph.uniba.sk)
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Škoda, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav Jeséniova 17 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Veronika Bačová Mitková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ladislav Holko, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Zdeněk Kostka, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 165 - 174, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Veronika Bačová Mitková: The relationship between volume of the flood wave and the time duration of flood events

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• Modern water management needs not only information about basic hydrological characteristics of the extreme floods as discharges, volume or time duration of the waves but some water management or hydraulic tasks requires knowledge about relationships between this characteristics. The paper analyzes the relationship between the flood wave volume and time duration of flood events. The set of the average daily flow data and maximum annual discharges data at the gauging station Bodrog - Streda nad Bodrogom during the period 1950-2009 were used to the analysis. In the first part of the article empirical return periods and theoretical distributions of the volumes for different time durations of the flood waves was estimated. The second, relationship between maximum annual volumes and the maximum time duration of the flood waves were analyzed. For multidimensional analysis of the relationship between the volume of wave and its time duration a mathematical method - copula functions was used.
  
  KEY WORDS: volume of the flood wave, time duration of the wave, multivariate statistical analysis and return period of the volume
  
  Address:
  - Veronika Bačová Mitková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 83102 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:00421244259311 Fax.: 00421244259311 Email: mitkova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 175 - 185, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Šulek, Zuzana Šebestová: The use of the muskingum method for the simulation of artificial discharge Waves (a case study on the Danube, downstream the water structure Gabcíkovo).

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• The Muskingum method is one of the most hydrological models which describe the transformation of the discharge wave in the river bed based on two equations (storage and continuity equation). The article describes the application of this method on Dunaj river between HP Gabčíkovo and limiting ford at km 1796. The transformation model of this river reach was integrated into the Planning and operation model of the WS Gabčíkovo in 2011. The role model is evaluated the safety of navigation in this part of Dunaj river. The modeling results showed the possibility of using Muskingum method in the modeling process of transformation artificial discharge waves.
  
  KEY WORDS: Muskingum method, transformation of the discharge wave, hydro plant, navigation safety
  
  Address:
  - Peter Šulek, Katedra hydrotechniky Stavebná fakulta STU Bratislava Radlinského 11, Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 2 592 74 571 Fax.: Email: peter.sulek@stuba.sk)
  - Zuzana Šebestová, Katedra hydrotechniky Stavebná fakulta STU Bratislava Radlinského 11, Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 186 - 195, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Ladislav Danek, Linda Gálová, Tomáš Kliment, Róbert Fencík: Model of a web flood portal for municipalities

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• Catastrophic flood events in recent years have shown the destructive impact of flood and have pointed up the importance of flood issues and flood protection. The complex flood risk management consists of many points stated in the Act on flood protection. It is necessary to model and modify particular steps depending on the type of flood and river basin. Spatial information playundoubtedly the key role in the flood risk management related to decision-making processes. Furthermore, this information help to make quick and effective decisions, optimisation of processes and consequent cost decrease. The paper is focused on the tasks related to the implementation of particular steps when designing GIS as is a conceptual model of spatial database and web GIS client for municipality the description of structure of data input and output for the purpose of flood protection including semantic approach and last but not least publishing the results and simulations on the nternet in order to meet end-user needs. The aim of this paper is to propose a model of flood web portal for Modra municipality. Moreover, the results and the portal will be available to the wide public as well as published through web portal in the near future.
  
  KEY WORDS: flood protection, municipalities, geographic information systems, web portal, users
  
  Address:
  - Ladislav Danek, Katedra mapovania a pozemkových úprav Stavebná fakulta, STU Bratislava Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421-2-59274351 Fax.: Email: ladislav.danek@stuba.sk)
  - Linda Gálová, Katedra geodetických základov Stavebná fakulta, STU Bratislava Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Tomáš Kliment, Katedra geodetických základov Stavebná fakulta, STU Bratislava Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Róbert Fencík, Katedra mapovania a pozemkových úprav Stavebná fakulta, STU Bratislava Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 196 - 206, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Rončák, Juraj Bezák, Milan Čistý: Comparison of physical-based and data driven model in Bela river basin

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• The paper deals with comparison of discharges prediction by physical-based and data driven model in Bela river basin. In addition, in this work is tested combined model. In the first step of combined model are calculated flows using physically based model and in a second step is trained data-driven model on residues between measured and calculated flows by physically based model. On the prediction of these flows were used daily data from gauging station Liptovsky Hradok and data from precipitation and climatological stations. In this paper model WetSpa was used which is physically based distributed hydrological model for predicting the water and energy transfer between soil, plants and atmosphere on regional or basin scale. Data-driven models have experienced high growth in application to various complex problems. The model SWM has a very high efficiency in the classification and regression tasks, therefore appeared to be a suitable model for flows prediction. In this paper is evaluated the accuracy and application domain of these different approaches to the flow modeling.
  
  KEY WORDS: prediction of discharges, WetSpa, SVM, comparison of data driven and physical-based model
  
  Address:
  - Peter Rončák, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: peter.roncak@stuba.sk)
  - Juraj Bezák, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Milan Čistý, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 207 - 218, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Viliam Šimor, Miroslav Sabo, Danuše Szökeová, Kamila Hlavčová, Silvia Kohnová: Comparison of time series models and artificial intelligence methods for predicting the mean monthly discharge

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• The paper deals with prediction of mean monthly discharges on the Vajskovský and Štiavnička rivers. Both rivers are located on the territory of Slovakia, and belong to the Hron river basin. The aim of this article was to compare those forecasts made by mathematical models of time series and artificial intelligence methods. Mathematical models of time series are represented by a linear autoregressive model (AR) and a non-linear threshold autoregressive model (SETAR). As the models based on artificial intelligence we used artificial neural networks (ANNs) model and the model based on machine learning support vector machine (SVM). The best results were achieved by model of SVM, artificial neural network - type JORDAN and AR.
  
  KEY WORDS: predicting average monthly discharges, artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), support vector machine (SVM), autoregressive model (AR), self-exciting threshold autoregressive model (SETAR)
  
  Address:
  - Viliam Šimor, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Katedra matematiky a deskriptívnej geometrie Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: +4212 59274 628 Fax.: +4212 59274 499 Email: viliam.simor@stuba.sk)
  - Miroslav Sabo, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Katedra matematiky a deskriptívnej geometrie Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Danuše Szökeová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Katedra matematiky a deskriptívnej geometrie Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Katedra matematiky a deskriptívnej geometrie Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Katedra matematiky a deskriptívnej geometrie Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 219 - 232, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Jana Daneková, Viliam Szász, Miroslava Tegelhoffová, Ján Szolgay: Uncertainties in the hbv model calibration conected with calibration data selection

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• Rainfall-runoff models are powerful and robust tools which have been used in solving many practical water resources engineering problems such as flood forecasting according to the land-use change evaluations. The modelling of extreme events in catchments is important for flood risk management. In fact, low flow regime or high flows are often poorly reproduced by model in case of using traditional calibration procedures. Success of calibration process is depending on the fact whether the goal of the calibration is flood prediction or the management of water systems. One of the key issues is the selection of the statistical method for the evaluating of the process of the optimization, e.g. low flows may need a different selection of statistical methods. Selection of the best representative calibration period for each calibration issue is also very important. However, not the length of data range but their information quality is most important. The main objective of this study was to analyse the calibration data sets in order to detect the change in catchment runoff response. This study was performed on several calibration data sets using the lumped rainfall-runoff model Hron. For the calibration differential split sample test was used. Model verification was made to detected changes in the runoff regime.
  
  KEY WORDS: Hron model (kind of HBV models), model calibration, split sample test (differential split sample test), genetic algorithm
  
  Address:
  - Jana Daneková, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: jana.danekova@stuba.sk)
  - Viliam Szász, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Miroslava Tegelhoffová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 233 - 241, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Miroslav Sabo: How to analyze time series with wavelet transform

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• In this article, I first explain what spectral analysis is. Then I compare wavelet transform (WT) with older approach - Fourier analysis (FA) in order to show advantages of wavelets. I describe not only univariate time series analysis, but I also show how coherence between two time series (for example average annual flows and solar activity) can be analyzed with WT. I am trying to explain basic notions of wavelet analysis, since it has never been used in many branches in our region. Theoretical background of WT is followed by many real life examples from hydrology and climatology. In the second part of article, R code (free software) of my analysis is also shown to make our analysis easily implementable by other researchers. As a result of this article, I recommend WT in all time series with periodic components.
  
  KEY WORDS: wavelet, spectral analysis, coherence, cycles, time series, wavelet transform, Fourier analysis, periodogram
  
  Address:
  - Miroslav Sabo, Katedra matematiky a deskriptívnej geometrie Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:0902 167 061 Fax.: Email: miro165sabo@gmail.com)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 242 - 253, doi:
Scientific Paper, English

Zuzana Macurová, Roman Výleta, Kamila Hlavčová, Ján Szolgay, Silvia Kohnová: An analysis of the impact of climate change on the Laborec river basin using two different hydrological models

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• The area of interest for this study was the Laborec River basin until Humenné, where the potential impacts of climate change on runoff and water balance were evaluated using distributed model Wetspa, conceptual model HBV and regional climate model ALADIN-Climate, which was applied to test the sensitivity of basin to climate change. Another task was to determine the suitability of using the above mentioned rainfall-runoff models for the application. Climatic characteristics, such as rainfall, air temperature and relative air humidity were simulated using climate model ALADINClimate in daily steps with 10 km grid resolution. Both rainfall-runoff models were calibrated in daily time step according to the data from the period of 1981-1995 and validated on data from the period of 1996-2005. Based on the results of the ALADIN-Climate model possible changes in discharge on Laborec River basin until Humenné for the next time horizons of 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 were estimated. We suppose that the model HBV is more suitable for this type of study, given the fact that it is a simpler model, model calibration is less time consuming and the overall results were more pleasing as for model Wetspa.
  
  KEY WORDS: ALADIN-Climate, HBV model, WetSpa model, climate change
  
  Address:
  - Zuzana Macurová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: zuzana.macurova@stuba.sk)
  - Roman Výleta, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 254 - 259, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Katarína Jeneiová, Silvia Kohnová, Kamila Hlavčová: The modelling of extreme runoff scenarios in summer season in the Vistucky stream catchment

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• The article is focused on the simulation of extreme runoff situations in summer season in the Vištucký stream catchment near the Modra town. To achieve the targets a conceptual semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model of the HBV type was used. The successful calibration for the summer peak flow was performed. Numerous calibration approaches were tried. The final Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient for calibration of the summer peak flow achieved the value of 0.95.At the end the simulations of theoretical discharge situations based on changes in casual precipitation.
  
  KEY WORDS: extreme peak flow, peak flow scenarios, model type HBV
  
  Address:
  - Katarína Jeneiová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: katarina.jeneiova@stuba.sk)
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 260 - 269, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Spál, Michaela Danáčová, Ján Szolgay, Kamila Hlavčová: Using The Scs-Cn Method For Estimation Of Direct Runoff In The Small Carpathian region

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• In the article the curve number method (SCS-CN) is used for estimation of direct runoff in the small Carpathian region. The method is popular in many rainfall-runoff models, (e.g. for predicting flood runoff or estimation of parameters of discharge waves in a small basin) for design of the technical constructions in ungauged catchment. The obtained results demonstrate that using the original SCS-CN method, the procedure underestimates direct runoff for small rainfall depths and overestimates direct runoff for high rainfall depths. It is necessary the regionalisation of the curve numbers in our regions
  
  KEY WORDS: direct runoff, precipitation, curve number method
  
  Address:
  - Peter Spál, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: + 421 2 59274 498 Fax.: + 421 2 52923 575 Email: peter.spal@stuba.sk)
  - Michaela Danáčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika