Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 3 - 11, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Pavla Pekárová, Mária Martincová, Pavol Miklánek: Water balance of the Belá River basin in 1940/41–2004/05 period (Part I.: Basin water storage change in two 30-years periods)

 Full Text in PDF     33 DOWNLOADS

• Study is devoted to the basin water balance changes, of the Belá River up to the Podbanské gauge, within the two 30-yearly periods 1940/41–1969/70 and 1975/76–2004/05. In the first part, water balance is set up in the monthly and yearly time step, based upon mean monthly discharge data from the gauging station Podbanské of the river Belá. Also mean monthly precipitation data were used, in depths over the Belá basin. Changes of the basin water storage were compared, for the two mentioned time periods. In Part II. of the study, the BILAN model was used, to determine the particular runoff components portion, also in the monthly time step.
  
  KEY WORDS: water (hydrological) balance, Belá: Podbanské, basin water storage change
  
  Address:
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 44259311 Fax.: 004212 44259311 Email: pekarova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Mária Martincová, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Experimentálna hydrologická základňa, Ondrášovecká 16, 031 05 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovenská republika
  - Pavol Miklánek, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 12 - 18, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Mária Martincová, Pavla Pekárová: River Belá basin water balance within 1940/41–2004/05 period (Part. II.: Simulation of runoff components by BILAN model in Bela river basin).

 Full Text in PDF     25 DOWNLOADS

• The second part of the study is devoted to simulate the selected runoff components from Bela river basin in the monthly time step, during the period 1940/41– 2004/05. To assess this aim, we used BILAN model, which set individual components of total runoff. The model simulates hydrological processes by simplifying a catchment into series of connected storage reservoirs, where precipitation, air temperature and humidity are inputs and the output is represented by streamflow at the catchment outlet
  
  KEY WORDS: runoff components, water balance model, hydrological balance
  
  Address:
  - Mária Martincová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Experimentálna hydrologická základňa Ondrášovecká 16 031 05 Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42144 5522522 Fax.: +42144 5522522 Email: martincova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 838 11 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 19 - 27, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Veronika Bačová-Mitková: Influence of the time data series length on the estimation of the N-year discharges

 Full Text in PDF     22 DOWNLOADS

• The Peak Over Threshold Method (POT) was used as an alternative technique to the traditional analysis of annual discharge maxima of the Danube River. The POT method was applied to a time-series of daily discharge values covering a period of 85 years (1917-2002) at the gauge station: Bratislava. All mean daily discharges exceeding a defined threshold were considered in the POT analysis. Based on the POT waves independence criteria the maximum daily discharge data were selected. Tree theoretical distributions: Log-normal (LN), Log-Pearson III (LP3) and Gunbel (GU) were used to calculate the probability of exceeding annual maximum discharges. Performance of the POT method was compared to the theoretical distributions (LN, LP3, GU). The influence of the data series length on the estimation of the N year discharges by POT method was carried out too. Therefore, with regard to later regulations along the Danube channel bank the 60, 40 and 20-year time data series were chosen. Our results suggest that the POT method can provide adequate and comparable estimates of N-year discharges for station with short temporal coverage.
  
  KEY WORDS: Danube River, extreme hydrological events, flood frequency analysis, peaks over threshold (POT) method, return period
  
  Address:
  - Veronika Bačová-Mitková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 83102 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:00421244259311 Fax.: 00421244259311 Email: mitkova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 28 - 35, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Miroslav Baláž, Ján Szolgay, Michaela Danáčová: On the use of the Muskingum method for the simulation of flood wave movement by harmony search optimisation

 Full Text in PDF     21 DOWNLOADS

• The Muskingum method is one of the hydrological models with lumped parameters which describes transformation of discharge waves in the river bed using two equations. The first one is the continuity equation (or conservation of mass) and second equation is the relationship between storage, inflow, and outflow of the reach (the discharge-storage equation). The Muskingum method was applied on the lower Morava reach between Moravský Svätý Ján – Záhorská Ves. Parameters of model can be estimated by several methods. In this work harmony search was used for optimization. The function of wave travel time and discharge was estimated for one of largest waves. The results showed good accuracy which was assessed by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient.
  
  KEY WORDS: Muskingum method, transformation of flood wave, calibration of parameters, harmony search
  
  Address:
  - Miroslav Baláž, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 2 59274 498 Fax.: + 421 2 52923 575 Email: miroslav.balaz@stuba.sk)
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Michaela Danáčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 36 - 45, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

, Silvia Kohnová, Mária Bohdalová, Kamila Hlavčová: Pooling of seasonality occurrence of minimum annual discharges in Slovakia

 Full Text in PDF     20 DOWNLOADS

• The article deals with the analysis of low flows seasonality and its regional distribution in Slovakia. Seasonality of low flows was analyzed using the data from 211 small and mid sized basins with an area ranging from 4 to 500 km2 and with the period of observations longer than 20 years. The pooling groups were constructed by the objective methods of cluster analysis, using nonhierarchic k-means clustering, and hierarchic centroid and average clustering methods. The achieved pooling schemes were compared and discussed finally.
  
  KEY WORDS: KEY WORDS: low flow, seasonality, cluster analysis, pooling scheme
  
  Address:
  - Andrea Števková, - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Mária Bohdalová, KIS FM UK Odbojárov 10, P. O. Box 95, 820 05 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 46 - 57, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Michal Danko, Kamila Hlavčová, Silvia Kohnová, Ján Szolgay: Estimation of extreme runoff from snow melt in the Račiansky potok basin

 Full Text in PDF     25 DOWNLOADS

• The aim of the study was to estimate flood risk from snow melt in the Račiansky potok basin. As a reference event for spring floods the flood wave observed in the Vajnory – Račiansky potok in March 2006 was selected. The flood was caused by combination of snow melt, relatively high precipitation and increase in air temperature. A conceptual rainfall-runoff model in a daily time step was used for modelling runoff from precipitation and snow melt. Parameters of rainfallrunoff model were calibrated on the data from the period 2005-2006 and efficiency of the model was evaluated by the Nash – Sutcliffe coefficient. Using the model with calibrated parameters, different scenarios of extreme floods were simulated for different combinations of N-year precipitation and N-year snow water equivalent. Scenarios of extreme floods were transferred to the closing profiles of tributaries of the Račiansky potok and capacities of their inflow objects were estimated.
  
  KEY WORDS: snow melt, runoff modelling, scenarios of extreme flood events, Račiansky potok basin
  
  Address:
  - Michal Danko, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: michal.danko@stuba.sk)
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 58 - 69, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Miroslava Tegelhoffová, Beata Karabová, Ján Szolgay, Michaela Danáčová: The analysis of mean monthly discharges trend at the water station Moravský Svätý Ján

 Full Text in PDF     23 DOWNLOADS

• Data of hydrologic parameters like water discharge, precipitation and air temperature are very important in studying of climate changes. Trends or other character changes of observed time series in hydrology (for example time series of air temperature, quantity of qualitative water and time series of derivated data, which can be for example: data of evaporation, water reserves in watershed etc.) can be an important indicator if can give out to probable changes. We observed monthly discharges on the river Morava, in the hydrologic station Moravský Svätý Ján. We used trend analysis for detecting trend of river wateriness. We had data from the year 1922 to 2008. We were detecting if in each month is trend or not. Moreover we described deflections mean annual water discharges from long term annual mean water discharge.
  
  KEY WORDS: fluctuation of discharges, wateriness, trend analysis, coefficient of correlation
  
  Address:
  - Miroslava Tegelhoffová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave Radlinského 11 83102 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: miroslava.tegelhoffova@stuba.sk)
  - Beata Karabová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave Radlinského 11 83102 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave Radlinského 11 83102 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Michaela Danáčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave Radlinského 11 83102 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 70 - 77, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Zuzana Danáčová, Michaela Danáčová: On the process of mixing of the indicator substance in the natural stream channels within the discharge measurement using the indicator method

 Full Text in PDF     22 DOWNLOADS

• For determination of the transport of substance solutions or diffuses of pollution in natural streams the knowledge of the process of transfer and mixing of substances in water and of the solution characteristics is essential. Such information helps to solve the problems related to measuring ement of water quality when dealing with accidental pollution of streams, as well as tasks related to legal and technical aspects of protection against pollution. The determination of mixing is very significant and important also for one of the methods for determining of the flow by indicator means through which we can see closed the basic theory and determining of the variability of mixing length. Indicator method was applied experimentally in river. A slug injection method has been used, which is no need special equipment and the size of the flow is not as restrictive as the continuous injection. The method is based on knowledge of mixing solution in a stream, where we include the characteristics of the riverbed, its geometry and variation of flow field under consideration.
  
  KEY WORDS: transport process, mixing length, discharge, surface water
  
  Address:
  - Zuzana Danáčová, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav Jeséniova 17 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+ 421 2 59415 404 Fax.: Email: zuzana.danacova@shmu.sk)
  - Michaela Danáčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 78 - 87, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Lukáš Zorád: Testing of IHACRES rainfall-runoff model at upper part of Žitava river

 Full Text in PDF     19 DOWNLOADS

• Aim of this paper is to simulate streamflows on river Žitava catchment and its sub-catchment Hostiansky stream, by using the conceptual rainfall runoff model IHACRES. The core of the model consists of a non-linear loss module that converts rainfall into effective rainfall, and a linear routing module that converts effective rainfall into streamflow. The model has been calibrated for chosen time steps of relatively different annual weather conditions (relatively dry, wet and normal periods) as well as longer (7 and 17 year) periods and simulated the streamflow of both streams for three, four, five, six and seven year period to understand the efficiency of simulations. We also examined if the model performance in central European midlands would be efficient or not
  
  KEY WORDS: rainfall – runoff modelling, IHACRES rainfall – runoff model, streamflow simulation, hydrological response
  
  Address:
  - Lukáš Zorád, Katedra Ekológie a Environmentalistiky FPV, UKF v Nitre Tr. A. Hlinku 1 949 74 Nitra, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: lukas.zorad@ukf.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 88 - 96, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Valent, Ján Szolgay, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Magdaléna Komorníková: Time series analysis of nitrate concentrations in the River Ous

 Full Text in PDF     22 DOWNLOADS

• This study examines long-term time-series of nitrate concentrations from the River Ouse situated in the Eastern England. The time-series of monthly averages was decomposed into trend, seasonal and cyclical components and residuals to create a simple additive model. Residuals were then modelled by more advanced linear models represented by models of the ARMA class and nonlinear SETAR models with multiple regimes. The analysis showed that two and three-regime SETAR models couldn't describe the time-series better than models of the ARMA class, when the relative improvement of these models compared to simple AR(1) model was only 4% and 1%. The lowest values of sum of squares of residuals (SSR) were obtained by AR models of low order. However the visual assessment of the models showed that both AR and SETAR models were not able to match extreme values. With respect to this, the best visual fit was provided by ARMA models with higher values of RSS. Results of this study could be used in the future to construct other descriptive or forecasting models of nitrate concentrations.
  
  KEY WORDS: time-series analysis, SETAR model, ARMA model, nitrate concentration
  
  Address:
  - Peter Valent, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274 498 Fax.: +4212 52923 575 Email: pevalent@gmail.com)
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Nicholas J. K. Howden, Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TR, England
  - Magdaléna Komorníková, Katedra matematiky a deskriptívnej geometrie Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 97 - 107, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Jaroslav Noskovič, Mária Babošová, Ľubomíra Kvetanová: Evaluation of bivalent basic cations in the water of the Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitava

 Full Text in PDF     19 DOWNLOADS

• Calcium and magnesium are a permanent part of the ground and surface waters. In natural waters they belong to the dominant cations. The objective of the paper is to evaluate concentrations of specified basic cations in the water of the Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitava for the period of the years 2006 - 2008. Water samplings were carried out at regular monthly intervals, approximately in the half of particular month from the six sampling sites. Including water in the sampling sites according to Ca2+ a Mg2+ indicators was made by comparing by a characteristic value of the indicator, calculated in accordance with STN 75 7221 with a recommended value given in the Government Regulation No. 296/2005 Collection of Laws.
  
  KEY WORDS: natur reserve, calcium, magnesium, water quality
  
  Address:
  - Jaroslav Noskovič, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: Jaroslav.Noskovic@uniag.sk)
  - Mária Babošová, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Ľubomíra Kvetanová, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 108 - 118, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Mária Pásztorová, Jana Skalová, Justína Vitková, Juraj Jánošík: Analysis of climatic and hydrological conditions of Ramsar locality Poiplie

 Full Text in PDF     18 DOWNLOADS

• Wetlands are areas that are wet - flooded or waterlogged, in different longtime period. Here is creating a specific soil, which is a requirement for the development of a various fauna and flora. Wetlands belong among the most productive areas of the world and they are cradle of biological diversity. They perform not only environmental but also socioeconomic functions. With growing concerns about the speed of cultivation or other destruction of large areas of wetlands and swamps, which resulted in a decrease of number of original flora and fauna, but particularly waterfowl, has been frequently pointed to the need to protect these important areas. But the disappearance of wetlands is signed not only by anthropogenic activities but also by climatic change and hydrological conditions. With rising temperatures and longer dry periods there is a reduction of water content in a landscape with which wetlands are strongly linked.
  
  KEY WORDS: wetland, climatic conditions, hydrologic conditions
  
  Address:
  - Mária Pásztorová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 2 59274621 Fax.: +421 2 52923575 Email: maria.pasztorova@stuba.sk)
  - Jana Skalová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Justína Vitková, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Juraj Jánošík, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 119 - 125, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Juraj Jánošík, Mária Pásztorová, Justína Vitková: Sensitivity of statement of soil grain size by aerometric method on specific weight of soil

 Full Text in PDF     19 DOWNLOADS

• The significance of grain analysis is important mainly in connection with the name of the type of the soil type, but also with the determination of other important characteristics of the soil: the course of drainage brunch of water retention curve, hydrolimits, the informative value of saturated hydraulic conductivity. By evaluating the grain size analysis we need the value of specific weight of soil samples. In practice, if it is necessary to accelerate the evaluation of grain size analysis is often used average specific weight. Therefore, contribution is focused on the diagnosis of impact of specific weight on the results of grain analysis soil by aerometric method. Evaluation was made on 29 soil samples collected at the site Kláštorské lúky wetland, Bodrog catchment and Záhorská nížina. Most soil properties affect the clay particles, which are characterized by a diameter equal to and less than 0.01 mm (I. category). This category is also critical in determining the name of the type of soil.
  
  KEY WORDS: grain size, particle size curve, specific weigh of soil KEY WORDS: grain size, particle size curve, specific weigh of soil
  
  Address:
  - Juraj Jánošík, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: juraj.janosik@stuba.sk)
  - Mária Pásztorová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Justína Vitková, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 126 - 134, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Milan Čistý, Vlasta Štekauerová, Martin Suchár: Interpolation model for soil moisture based on support vector for location Báč

 Full Text in PDF     21 DOWNLOADS

• Modeling and simulation of hydrological processes in the unsaturated zone of soil is very important in agriculture or hydrology. One of the possibilities of management of soil moisture regime of agricultural land, is the application of mathematical models to forecast the soil water regime and related processes and parameters of the natural environment than other components of water balance, the movement of substances in the soil profile, the production potential of plants and so on. Quality of output is conditional on the mathematical simulation model inputs, especially climatic, meteorological, phenological, soil or topography. Because the water content in soil is affected by many factors in its forecasting is difficult to achieve accurate results. Due to these problems are still necessary new and better learning methods to specify the resulting forecast. The authors describe in the contribution creation of model methodology utilizing support vector machine (SVM), which belongs to data-driven classification and regression tools. Accuracy of SVM application to regression problems - predicting soil moisture in the five deep soil horizons, the contribution is compared with the model created by artificial neural networks, which showed higher accuracy and better handling for the models generated using SVM.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil moisture, forecasting, support vector machine, artificial neural network
  
  Address:
  - Milan Čistý, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: milan.cisty@stuba.sk)
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Martin Suchár, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 135 - 141, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Július Šútor: Quantification of water storage in soil aeration zone through the use of hydrolimits and relative evapotranspiration values

 Full Text in PDF     24 DOWNLOADS

• The water storage in the aeration zone of soil is a disposable water resource for agro-ecosystems, thus determining their existence. Agro-ecosystems indicate resistance and vulnerability of this water resource under condition of integral impact of meteorological effects, vegetation cover and ground water table. For assessment of the vegetation cover interaction with the above mentioned soil aeration zone water storage, are on the conventional base selected following characteristic points (WRC): Wilting point (BV), Point of limited accessibility (BZD), Field water capacity (PVK). In this connection it is necessary to mention that water storage in the aeration zone between the PVK and the BV (PVK-BV) represents an „existence“ water storage interval for vegetation cover, in a given land locality. This is because only in this interval is the water for it accessible in the unsaturated zone. Characters of processes, which are determined by climatic conditions, are used for evaluation of impacts of human a ctivities and climate change. They are potential evapotranspiration (Eto) and actual evapotranspiration (Eta), and their mutual algebraic combinations, i.e. (Eto/Eta) and (Eto-Eta). Threshold value of water storage in soil at which an agro-ecosystem starts to disruption corresponds to water storage at the wilting point (BV), or when Ta = 0 (Eta = Ta + Ea, where Ta is the actual transpiration and Ea actual evaporation). The paper deals with both approaches compared for quantification of threshold value of destruction of agro- ecosystem for conditions of locality Trstená na Ostrove (Žitný ostrov).
  
  KEY WORDS: soil water storage, monitoring of soil moisture, soil moisture regime
  
  Address:
  - Július Šútor, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 44259383 Fax.: +4212 44259404 Email: sutor@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 142 - 148, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Branislav Kandra, Milan Gomboš: Identification of soil drying start pursuant to critical moisture

 Full Text in PDF     18 DOWNLOADS

• The main aim of this article was analysis of critical moisture in the examined soil profile over the time series of vegetation seasons 1970 - 2007. From this period the vegetation seasons with higher multiplicity of critical moisture occurrence were separated by evapotranspiration deficit formation. Critical moistures were obtained numerically by the mathematical model GLOBAL. Required data for model input files were gained from the Milhostov locality situated in the East slovakian lowland. Soil water storages were calculated for five soil layers (0,10 m, 0,30 m, 0,50 m, 0,80 m a 1,00 m) during selected period. Critical moistures represent 7-days moving averages of calculated moistures. Critical water storages in the individual soil layers were applied and evaluated for 1 m of soil depth too. In the next step the development trends of potential and actual evapotranspiration were evaluated in the investigated period.
  
  KEY WORDS: critical moisture, evapotranspiration, soil water storage, evapotranspiration deficit, soil drying
  
  Address:
  - Branislav Kandra, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42156 6425147 Fax.: +42156 6425147 Email: kandra@uh.savba.sk)
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 149 - 154, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Rastislav Mati, Milan Gomboš, Branislav Kandra: The mathematical simulation for the elimination of soil drought assistance though control of groundwater level

 Full Text in PDF     19 DOWNLOADS

• The results of simulation of water balance in the aeration zone of soils in lowland areas of Slovakia, according to regional climate scenarios, show decreasing of its storage to values occurring as soil drought. In this contribution for this term has been accepted the state of soil moisture corresponding to soil hydrologic coefficient of threshold point, respectively moisture potential pFZD = 3.3. The possibility to optimize the soil water storage of clay-loamy soil of the East Slovak Lowland by regulation of ground water level was documented with mathematical simulation. Control of groundwater level in identical conditions was demonstrated also to field experiment.
  
  KEY WORDS: clay-loamy soils, soil drought, groundwater level, storage of soil water
  
  Address:
  - Rastislav Mati, Centrum výskumu rastlinnej výroby Výskumný ústav agroekológie Špitálska 1273 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:0042156 6443 888 Fax.: 0042156 6420 205 Email: mati@minet.sk)
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika
  - Branislav Kandra, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 155 - 161, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Milan Gomboš, Dana Pavelková: Impact of groundwater level positions to the root zone water storage in the Medzibodrožie soils

 Full Text in PDF     19 DOWNLOADS

• Location of groundwater level and its dynamics in lowland areas is a result of meteorological conditions, hydro-physical characteristics of the soil profile and positions of groundwater level. The meteorological elements are characterized by high temporal and spatial variability. Temporal variability of hydrophysical properties is negligible in comparison to meteorological elements. Spatial variability of hydro-physical properties is copying the areal variability of soil types. For chosen soil types dependencies between the groundwater level and water storages in the root zone of the plant cover are estimated in the contribution. There were identified critical groundwater levels in which the groundwater does not influence the water storages in the balanced soil layer.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil water storage, groundwater level, critical groundwater level
  
  Address:
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42156 64 51 47 Fax.: +42156 64 51 47 Email: gombos@uh.savba.sk)
  - Dana Pavelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 162 - 166, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Andrej Tall, Dana Pavelková: Impact of predicted climatic changes to the groundwater level in Eart Slovakian lowland

 Full Text in PDF     19 DOWNLOADS

• This paper deals with the research of predicted climatic changes and their impact to the groundwater level in lowland territory. Outputs were applied from the climatic scenario CCCM 2000 for climatic station in Sírnik, which is situated in East Slovakian Lowland. Output data were calculated from the normal 30-years period (1960-1990) for reference periods represented by years 2010, 2030 and 2075. The impacts of predicted climatic changes were performed using numerical simulation on mathematical model FLOCR.
  
  KEY WORDS: climatic change, climatic scenario, groundwater level regime, numerical simulation
  
  Address:
  - Andrej Tall, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Oddelenie hydrológie nížin Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 56 6425147 Fax.: Email: tall@uh.savba.sk)
  - Dana Pavelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Oddelenie hydrológie nížin Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 167 - 181, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Anežka Čelková: Groundwater quality in the area of Medzibodrožie evaluated from aspects of soil salinization and alkalization hazard

 Full Text in PDF     20 DOWNLOADS

• Groundwater has an impact on the formation and spreading of saline soils in particular by the TDS, chemical composition and regime levels. The presented paper deals with evaluating of groundwater salinity characteristics and through of these soil salinization and alkalization hazard was ascertained. Groundwater in the area in question Medzibodrožie are classified as medium to highly mineralized water with medium to high degree of danger of the soil salinization. The annual groundwater EC values ranged from 15 mS/m to 120 mS/m and showed a growing tendency over the period of 1986 to 2008 in the most monitored groundwater. The SAR values, ranging in the interval of 0,15 ? SAR ? 13,61 indicate low to medium alkali hazard and showed decreasing tendency for evaluated period in the most monitored groundwater. Long-term trend of annual average groundwater table levels is decreasing.
  
  KEY WORDS: groundwater, salinization hazard, alkalization hazard, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, Medzibodrožie area
  
  Address:
  - Anežka Čelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268263 Fax.: Email: celkova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 182 - 193, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

František Burger: Statistical regularities of groundwater flow on Danube riverside territories after protective measures establishment

 Full Text in PDF     21 DOWNLOADS

• For the purpose of evaluating the impact of the incomplete waterwork Nagymaros protective measures on groundwater are in this paper, using mathematical statistics, analyzed hydrological and hydraulic fluctuation of groundwater level changes according to the level of the Danube and Váh rivers for the period 1993 to 2008. On the Slovak territory it is a riverside area of the Váh River left side and a riverside area of Čenkov valley. Processing of observational data allows to clarifying the regularities of the groundwater regime, particularly to determine its basic characteristics - height levels and the main directions of groundwater flow, depth of groundwater level below the terrain, groundwater level fluctuation and groundwater levels over time changes line.
  
  KEY WORDS: surface water, groundwater, interaction, alluvial aquifer, Danube River
  
  Address:
  - František Burger, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268254 Fax.: +4212 44259404 Email: burger@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 194 - 198, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Yvetta Velísková: Flow and transport of contaminants in surface water and groundwater during dry period.

 Full Text in PDF     20 DOWNLOADS

• The paper is a synopsis of the results of VEGA grant project 2/5054/25 of the same name. The main results of the project are: mathematical formulation of contaminant dispersion in the stream with occurrence of „dead zones“, development of the numerical subroutine and its incorporation into the existing dispersion model MODI, determination of hydraulic, hydrologic, dispersion and geometrical characteristics at the chosen localities (upper part of the Hron River, Jalovecký brook – the Váh River catchment), application of modified and verified dispersion model MODI at the mentioned localities (according to simulation results it is possible to show influence of flow condition changes on pollutant transfer along a natural stream during low flows), development of the model system for simulation of interaction between flow dynamics and water level regime of surface water and groundwater (model INKANS + model MODYKRS), presentation of the ways how to positively affect water level regime of groundwater by operating of channel network regime with application of obtained model system at Žitný ostrov area, creation of so-called interaction functions, which link up surface flow model with groundwater model by longitudinal discharge increase.
  
  KEY WORDS: transport phenomena,, surface water, ground-water, interaction between surface water and groundwater, extreme droughts, dead zones
  
  Address:
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:00421 2 49268 280 Fax.: 00421 2 44259 404 Email: veliskova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, p. 199 - 201, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Yvetta Velísková, Vlasta Štekauerová: Center of excellence for protection and use of lanscape and for biodiversity

 Full Text in PDF     18 DOWNLOADS

• Získanie čo najkomplexnejších údajov o krajine a biodiverzite je nevyhnutnou podmienkou pre porozumenie ekologických problémov biologickej rovnováhy, funkcií ekosystémov a minimalizovanie negatívneho dopadu spôsobeného ľudskými aktivitami pre zabezpečenie udržateľného stavu prírodných zdrojov a genofondu. Veda a technika ako jeden z troch pilierov rozvoja vedomostnej spoločnosti: vzdelávanie – veda a technika – inovácie musí byť v centre pozornosti nielen vzdelávacích inštitúcií, ale aj štátnych orgánov. V rámci dokumentu Dlhodobý zámer štátnej vednej a technickej politiky do roku 2015 vláda deklaruje podporu pre vznik centier excelentnosti a ich personálneho a technického zázemia. Najdôležitejšou potrebou pri dosahovaní stanovených dlhodobých výskumných cieľov je kvalitné infraštruktúrne vybavenie a dostatočné zapojenie vedecko výskumných kapacít. Centrum excelentnosti pre ochranu a využívanie krajiny a biodiverzitu (KRABIO) bolo zriadené v rámci aplikácie operačného programu Výskum a vývoj , prioritná os č. 4 Podpora výskumu a vývoja v Bratislavskom kraji, opatrenie č. 4.1 Podpora sietí excelentných pracovísk výskumu a vývoja ako pilierov rozvoja regiónu v Bratislavskom kraji (kód výzvy OPVaV-2008/4.1/01- SORO). Žiadateľ: Ústav krajinnej ekológie SAV Partneri: Botanický ústav SAV, Ústav zoológie SAV, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Ústav molekulárnej biológie SAV, Chemický ústav SAV, Univerzita Komenského Bratislava Trvanie projektu: VII. 2009 – VII. 2011.
  
  KEY WORDS: Centrum excelentnosti
  
  Address:
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:00421 2 49268 280 Fax.: 00421 2 44259 404 Email: veliskova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika