J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 81 - , doi:
Short Communication, English

Holko L.: Hydrological research in experimental and representative catchments in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic

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• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Holko L., Institute of Hydrology SAS, Ondrasovecka 16, 031 05 Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovak Republic; mailto: holko@uh.savba.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 81 - , doi:
Short Communication, Slovak

Holko L.: (Hydrological research in experimental and representative catchment in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic)

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• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Holko L., Ustav hydrologie SAV, Experimentalna hydrologicka zakladna, Ondrasovecka 16, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovenska republika; mailto: holko@uh.savba.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 83 - , doi:
Short Communication, Slovak

Pacl J.: (History and possibilities of the hydrological research in small catchments of Slovakia)

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• Paper is aimed at small basins. It presents a brief overview of development of interests of professionals in them, and presents some ways of their practical use. Principle deepening of interest in small basins has brought the commencement of the global program of the cooperation of hydrologists – the International Hydrological Decade between 1965 and 1974. Within this Program there were clearly defined the importance and aims of research in small basins defined in two of their categories: experimental and representative. Experimental basins serve primarily for solving the problems of runoff formation and of its dynamics, using targeted experiments. Representative basins serve as a particular basin types, whose runoff regimes and relations to their physiographic properties are elucidated to that extent, that they can serve as an analogon for transfer of the gained knowledge to other similar basins, from which no information is available which is based on direct observations. For the time being, hydrological research in Slovakia is oriented into two experimental and two representative basins. Extension of the number of specialized basins is limited by available finances, particularly related to the up-to-date instrumentation. In the database of the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI), there are long term data series stored from 70 small basins of Slovakia, with the catchment area from 5 to 200 km2. Under present circumstances, the urgent task is to process this basic information in the adequate extent. That would extend the knowledge upon the runoff formation in the small basins and upon its regime, and simultaneously also make possible the use of these data, after evaluation of their representativness, for the use in hydrological analogy.
  
  KEY WORDS: Experimental Basin, Representative Basin, International Hydrological Decade (IHD), Deficiences of Observation Data, Runoff Process.
  
  Address:
  - Pacl J., Zelivska 341, 394 46 Cervena Recice, Ceska republika; mailto: jpacl@sendme.cz

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 96 - , doi:
Short Communication, Czech

Balek J.: (Small basins as a continuous source of information)

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• So called small basins were originally specified with the aim to obtain more accurate data about the hydrological and hydrometeorological regimes of an extensive region. Later on the attention was also paid to the monitoring of chemical components and geochemical processes. Gradually it was discovered that small basins can also supply valuable information about the ecological stability and social and economic processes in relation to the ethnic features and local history of the studied region. Obviously, a decision about the size of small basins should be adapted to the nature of solved problems and with respect to the size of the region under consideration. A proposal how to define a small basin is presented as one of the conclusions. In this paper there are also discussed several case studies, solution of which has been based on data obtained from so called small basins.
  
  KEY WORDS: Small Catchment, Representative Basin, Experimental Basin, Dambo, Remote Sensing, Safe Water Yield, Amazonia, Deforestation, Water Pollution.
  
  Address:
  - Balek J., ENEX, Odolenova 4, 390 01 Tabor, Ceska republika; tel/fax 381 254 655; mailto: jerrybalek@volny.cz

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 106 - , doi:
Short Communication, Slovak

Majercakova O.: (Hydrological research in small catchments in former Czechoslovakia in view of international cooperation)

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• The contribution gives an overview of the experimental hydrological research in former Czechoslovakia in 1980-ties. The development of hydrological experimental and representative basins is put into the context with UNESCO programs (IHD and IHP) and with the then-existing east-European co-operations, especially with project “Methodological research in experimental and representative basins”. The contribution outlines the connection of this hydrological activity with project FRIEND in the 1990-ties.
  
  KEY WORDS: Experimental and Representative Basins, Czechoslovakia, Experimental Hydrological Research.
  
  Address:
  - Majercakova O., Slovensky hydrometeorologicky ustav, Jeseniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenska republika; mailto: Olga.Majercakova@shmu.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 113 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Biba M. 1), Oceanska Z. 2), Vicha Z. 2), Jarabac M. 2): (Forest-hydrological research in small experimental catchments in the Beskydy Mountains)

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• Forests are an important factor to control outflows of water and also partly prevent dangerous floods. In November 1927 two small representative basins with a great difference of percentages of forest cover were set up in the Czechoslovakia to measure precipitations and ouflows during 30 years with the following forest renewal. In 1953 two small fully forested experimental basins were set up with the concept to prove the increase of water resources by forest management. After a 12 year-long calibration period the accelerated forest renewal started. Both experimental basins were better accessed by forest roads. Analyses of data fluently recorded till now show that the relationship of precipitations and runoffs depends more on natural impulses than on management methods of forests. The great scatter of climatic impulses overwhelms the consequences of methods of forest management in both basins. An important factor of outflows of water is the capacity of water retention in forest soils (around 50 mm in this area). Flood and erosion control functions of the forests become to be evident but only in a limited way. The intensity of erosion in experimental basins is effectively dampened by woods and plants.
  
  KEY WORDS: Precipitations and Outflows in the Beskydy Mts., Two Experimental Basins, 52-Year Long Time Series of Measurement, Forest Renewal, Air Polution.
  
  Address:
  - Biba M. 1), Oceanska Z. 2), Vicha Z. 2), Jarabac M. 2), 1)Vyzkumny ustav lesniho hospodarstvi a myslivosti, Jiloviste-Strnady 136, CZ-156 04 Praha 5-Zbraslav, Ceska republika; mailto: biba@vulhm.cz 2)Vyzkumny ustav lesniho hospodarstvi a myslivosti, pracoviste, Nadrazni 2811, CZ-738 01 Frydek-Mistek, Ceska republika; mailto: frydek.vulhm@mybox.cz

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 123 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Miklanek P. Pekarova P.: (Interception assessment in experimental microbasins of IH SAS with spruce and hornbeam vegetation)

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• In the first part the paper gives an overview of the research activities in experimental microbasins of the Institute of Hydrology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IH SAS) in Strazov highlands during 47-years period of the years 1958 – 2005. The present state of the research in experimental basins is discussed. Due to current personal and financial situation it is time to re-evaluate and decide if operation of such experimental field base is still bearable for the institute. In the second part of the paper, the monthly interception of two catchments with different forest cover is estimated with simple regression relationships. The interception of the hornbeam forest in Lesny basin was monitored during the vegetation seasons during 1981 – 1990. Its values were between 12.4 – 23.0 %. The hornbeam vegetation catches 18.4 % of precipitation in average. The interception of the spruce vegetation (Cingelova basin) was between 30.2 – 40.8 % in 1981 – 1990 with the mean value of 36.9 %. Concerning the monthly values the highest mean interception in hornbeam forest was in June – 20.7 mm, and the lowest one in October – only 7.8 mm. In the spruce forest the interception was higher, in June it was 38.8 mm, in October 16.6 mm in average. Generally the results show that the monthly interception of the hornbeam forest is only 48 % of the spruce forest interception.
  
  KEY WORDS: Strazov Highland, Experimental Microbasins, Iterception, Spruce and Hornbeam Forest.
  
  Address:
  - Miklanek P. Pekarova P., Ustav hydrologie, Slovenska akademia vied, Racianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava 3, Slovenska republika; mailto: miklanek@uh.savba.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 137 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Tesar M. 1), Balek J. 2), Sir M. 1): (Hydrological research in the Volynka basin (Bohemian Forest, Czech Reopublic))

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• Fundamental research of the hydrologic cycle in Volynka catchment was established by the Institute of Hydrodynamics (Academy of Sciences of CR) in 1964. Since 1975 hydro-logic cycle is monitored in the Liz catchment (spruce forest), Zabrod arable land and Zabrod meadow experimental areas. These experimental sites are situated in the mountainous and submontane region (800 – 1100 m a.s.l.) of the Šumava Mts. (Bohemian Forest). Influence of plant transpiration on the air temperature and entropy production is analyzed. Stabilizing role of both the water retention in a catchment and plant transpiration is evaluated. It was found that under conditions of sufficient retention capacity of a catchment (mainly the soil) and the area covered by transpiring vegetation, the hydrologic cycle was resistant to the great climatic perturbances in the growing seasons 1983, 1992 and 1994.
  
  KEY WORDS: Experimental Hydrology, Hydrological Cycle, Bohemian Forest.
  
  Address:
  - Tesar M. 1), Balek J. 2), Sir M. 1), 1)Ustav pro hydrodynamiku AV CR, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Praha 6, Ceska republika; mailto: miroslav.tesar@iol.cz, msir@mereni.cz 2)Enex, Odolenova 4, 390 01 Tabor, Ceska republika.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 151 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Kyselova D., Podolinska J., Sipikalova H.: (The Cierny Hron representative river basin)

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• The Cierny Hron River basin is left tributary of the Hron River basin, high wooded, only little influenced by anthropogenic activity. For these reasons in 1980 representative basin of the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI) was established there. In the developing tasks of the SHMI and during International Hydrological Decade research of runoff creation and evolution with dependent of natural conditions according Program of the representative river basin (Podolinsky, Sipikalova, 1994) were implemented. The Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute operates there extended monitoring network of the water-gauging and rainfall stations with monitoring and evaluation of observed elements till now. Monitored data and results from expeditionary measurements are continuously used for new methodologies, processes, runoff modeling of hydrological characteristics evaluation and discharge forecast. In the paper we have described all activities of the representative basin during its history.
  
  KEY WORDS: Representative Basin, Small Basin, Monitoring, Expeditionary Measurements, Hydrological Models.
  
  Address:
  - Kyselova D., Podolinska J., Sipikalova H., Slovensky hydrometeorologicky ustav, RS Banska Bystrica, Zelena 5, 975 90 Banska Bystrica; mailto: daniela.kyselova@shmu.sk, jana.podolinska@shmu.sk, helena.sipikalova@shmu.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 163 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Kulasova A. 1), Pobrislova J. 1), Jirak J. 1), Hancvencl R. 1), Bubenickova L. 2), Bercha S. 2): (Experimental hydrological base in the Jizera Mountains)

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• The experimental basins in the Jizera Mountains were established at the beginning of the 1980th as a result of the forest devastation due to acid rain and repercussions of following human activities during its disposal with the aim to gain data for the quantification of runoff conditions changes in a changing environment. Seven small catchments with an area from 1.87 km2 to 10.6 km2 are situated in the spring regions in an elevation from 700 m a.s.l. to 1100 m a.s.l. in the catchments of the Cerna Nisa, Kamenice, Jizerka and Smeda streams. The long-term average annual temperature in the elevation of 780 m a.s.l. is +4.40C, the long-term annual precipitation sum fluctuates between 1300 mm and 1800 mm. The Jizera Mountains are known for numerous intensive rainfalls in the summer period. The administrator of the experimental basins is the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Department of Hydrological Research, Experimental Base Jablonec nad Nisou, which performs all operative activities and basic processing of data. In the basins, the monitored elements are water stages and discharges in rivers, surface water quality, rainfall, snow depth and snow water equivalent and climatological parameters. The following contribution gives an overview of information obtained from the hydrological research in the period 1981 – 2004.
  
  KEY WORDS: Experimental Basins, Monitoring, Forest, Climate, Precipitation, Snow, Discharge, Surface Water Quality.
  
  Address:
  - Kulasova A. 1), Pobrislova J. 1), Jirak J. 1), Hancvencl R. 1), Bubenickova L. 2), Bercha S. 2), 1)Cesky hydrometeorologicky ustav, Zelivskeho 5, 466 05 Jablonec nad Nisou, Ceska republika; mailto: akulasova@chmi.cz 2)Cesky hydrometeorologicky ustav, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Praha 4-Komorany, Ceska republika; mailto: bubenickova@chmi.cz

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 183 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Sanda M., Hrncir M., Novak L., Cislerova M.: (Impact of the soil profile on the rainfall-runoff process)

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• The experimental watershed Uhlirska of the Cerna Nisa River (1.87 km2) is subject to hydrological monitoring on the continual basis focused towards the processes of water balance in the soil profile. Watershed average altitude is 822 m. Watershed rainfall exceeds 1300 mm/year. Its average temperature is 6.5oC. The typical soil profile is highly heterogeneous, formed by 0.8 – 1.2 m of Cambisols based on the decayed and fractured granite bedrock. At the locality Tomsovka, the experimental hillslope transect has been instrumented. In the subsurface trench, subsurface outflow is monitored and soil water suction is scanned by tensiometers adjacent to the trench. During seven vegetation periods more than 25 significant runoff events has been recorded. They are caused by a rainfall of a different intensity and duration. Runoff behaviour is of a high variability in terms of soil suction, soil moisture or depth of water in the soil profile in the vicinity of the trench. Instant moisture in the soil profile depends on the history of filling of the pore space. Soil profile is mostly unsaturated, however close to the saturation resulting in the course of the subsurface outflow. Relations of groundwater table, soil moisture, subsurface runoff and the total outflow from the watershed are significant, showing that transformation of rainfall into runoff in the area where soils are shallow, based on decayed crystalline bedrock is controlled by water content or soil suction in the subsurface.
  
  KEY WORDS: Hydrologic Monitoring, Subsurface Collection Trench, Rainfall-Runoff Events, Preferential Flow, Brown Soil, Granite Bedrock.
  
  Address:
  - Sanda M., Hrncir M., Novak L., Cislerova M., Ceske vysoke uceni technicke v Praze, Fakulta stavebni, Katedra hydromelioraci a krajinneho inzenyrstvi, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6, Ceská republika; mailto: martin.sanda@fsv.cvut.cz

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 192 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Holko L., Kostka Z.: (Hydrological research in a high-mountain catchment of the Jalovecky creek)

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• The paper provides basic information on hydrological research performed in the mountain catchment of the Jalovecky creek, the Western Tatra Mountains by the Institute of Hydrology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences since the mid-1980-ties. The research was devoted to better understanding of spatial distribution of precipitation, soil moisture, snow cover, evapotranspiration and runoff generation. First part of the paper brings an overview of the results. Second part of the paper is devoted to the water balance of the catchment in hydrological years 1989 – 2005 and estimation of mean transit time of water in the catchment as given by the tracer method using the stable environmental isotope of 18O. Catchment mean annual precipitation in the studied period was 1562 mm. It varied from 1116 mm in the year of 2003 to 1854 mm in 2001. Mean annual runoff was 1015 mm and it varied between 703 mm in 2003 and 1284 mm in 1998. Mean annual air temperature at catchment mean elevation (1500 m a.s.l.) was 3.5 °C. Interpertation of ?18O in precipitation and runoff from the period 1991 – 2002 gave the mean transit time of 13 months. Direct application of measured values in precipitation provided more realistic results than the input data series prepared according to recommendations found in the literature.
  
  KEY WORDS: Mountain Catchment, Water Balance, Mean Transit Time, 18O.
  
  Address:
  - Holko L., Kostka Z., Ustav hydrologie SAV, Experimentalna hydrologicka zakladna, Ondrasovecka 16, 031 05 Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovenska republika; mailto: holko@uh.savba.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 207 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Pavlasek J. Maca P., Redinova J.: (Analysis of hydrological data from Modrava catchments)

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• After bark beetle calamity in National park Šumava were established three experimental catchments with different forest cover (dead forest, clearing and healthy forest). In these catchments were, in period without snow cover, measured components of rainfall-runoff events. The aim of the research was to estimate a correlation of chosen characteristics of rainfall-runoff events from catchments Modrava 1 (dead forest) and Modrava 2 (clearing). Comparing limit values of correlations, there were found no significant differences between observed catchments.
  
  KEY WORDS: Rainfall-Runoff Process, Experimental Catchments.
  
  Address:
  - Pavlasek J. Maca P., Redinova J., Katedra vodniho hospodarstvi, Fakulta lesnicka a environmentalni, CZU, Kamycka 1176, 165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol, Ceska republika; mailto: pavlasek@fle.czu.cz, maca@fle.czu.cz, redinova@fle.czu.cz, +420 2 2438 2134, +420 2 2438 2152, +420 2 2438 2145

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 217 - , doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Dolezal F., Kulhavy Z., Kvitek T., Soukup M., Cmelik M., Fucik P., Novak P., Peterkova J., Pilna E., Prazak P., Tippl M., Uhlirova J., Zavadil J.: (Hydrological research in small agricultural catchments)

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• The paper provides an overview of recent hydrology-related research conducted by the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation and its predecessors. Research catchments and similar research sites, mostly under agricultural land use, are described. The principal catchments, located in Central and East Bohemian peneplains and highlands (Cerhovicky potok near Horovice, anonymous stream above Cernici near Cechtice, Kopaninsky tok near Pelhrimov, and Zejbro near Skutec with its subcatchments) are described in a greater detail with reference to web presentations (http://www.hydromeliorace.cz/povodi/index.html). The second part overviews the main research results obtained, prevailingly during the last decade, in the field of catchment hydrology, water quality generation, agronomic measures for protection against nitrate pollution, the effect of tile drainage on extreme flows and water quality, soil water in the vadose zone with preferential flow and the landscape-ecological aspects of water resources protection. It is concluded that some problems could not be solved if the questions were not posed in a hydrological manner. The authors recommend to generalise empirical research results by modelling and to intensify connections between RISWC research and hydrological activities of other institutions.
  
  KEY WORDS: Balance, Rainfall-Runoff Relations, Extreme Flows, Water Quality Generation, Land Use, Tile Drainage, Vadose Zone, Preferential Flow, Landscape Ecology.
  
  Address:
  - Dolezal F., Kulhavy Z., Kvitek T., Soukup M., Cmelik M., Fucik P., Novak P., Peterkova J., Pilna E., Prazak P., Tippl M., Uhlirova J., Zavadil J., Vyzkumny ustav melioraci a ochrany pudy Praha, Zabovreska 250, 156 27 Praha 5-Zbraslav, Ceska republika; tel: +420 257 921 640, fax.: +420 257 922 139; WEB: www.vumop.cz; www.hydromeliorace.cz mailto: dolezal@vumop.cz; kulhavy@hydromeliorace.cz

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 230 - , doi:
Information, Slovak

Novak V.: (RNDr. Eduard Simo, CSc. is dead)

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• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Novak V., Ustav hydrologie SAV, Racianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenska republika

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 231 - , doi:
Information, Slovak

Majercakova O.: (Prof. Ing. Milan Dzubak, CSc. was born eighty years ago)

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• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Majercakova O., Slovensky hydrometeorologicky ustav, Jeseniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenska republika; mailto: Olga.Majercakova@shmu.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 232 - , doi:
Information, Slovak

Majercakova O.: (Ing. Jozef Turcan, CSc. is seventy)

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• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Majercakova O., Slovensky hydrometeorologicky ustav, Jeseniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenska republika; mailto: Olga.Majercakova@shmu.sk

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 232 - , doi:
Review, Slovak

Svoboda A.: (Pekarova P., Szolgay J. (eds.), Scenarios of changes of the selected hydrosphere and biosphere components in the River Hron and Vah catchmenst, as a consequence of the climate change (Review))

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• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Svoboda A.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 54, No. 2, 2006, p. 233 - , doi:
Review, Slovak

Holko L.: (B. Sevruk: Niederschlag als Wasserkreislauf Element. Theorie und Praxis der Niederschlagmessung. (Review)

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• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Holko L.