Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 5 - 9, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Justína Vitková, Vlasta Štekauerová, Jana Skalová: Changes in soil water storage due to possible climate change

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• Extreme weather events force us to pay more attention to climate change. All climate models assume increase of air temperature in the future, but it is not so clear when it comes to simulate annual precipitation. We have analyzed changes in soil water storage due to climate change in an area at Kostolište locality. Meteorological characteristics were simulated by CGCM 3.1 climate model. We were using Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in simulation because there is a possibility growing it at this locality and its next using. Results show small increase of soil water storage mainly in deeper soil layers by comparison reference period and time horizon in the future.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil water storage, climate change, Brassica napus, mathematical modelling
  
  Address:
  - Justína Vitková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 2 49268 302 Fax.: Email: vitkova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Jana Skalová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta Slovenská technická univerzita Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 10 - 20, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Mária Pásztorová, Jana Skalová, Miroslava Jarabicová: Analysis of consequences of climate change on course of precipitation, air temperature and evapotranspiration

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• Increasing average air temperature, the uneven distribution of precipitation, an increase in rotation of short-term torrential rainfall and longer periods without precipitation and other various extreme weather events are a sign of impending climate change. Especially wetland ecosystems that lie in the transition between the aquatic and terrestrial environment, are very sensitive to indirect changes in regional hydrology, which may climate change affect through changes in air temperature, changes in the regional precipitation regime, surface runoff, snow cover, the length of the winter season, groundwater storage and evapotranspiration. Therefore, we decided through this paper to analyze impacts of climate change on the water regime of a particular wetland in the Protected landscape area of Záhorie - Zelienka National Nature Reserve. To assess the climate change, we used GISS98 and CCCM2000 climate scenarios and the water regime of wetland was simulated using the GLOBAL model. Whereas, period 1971-1990 was selected for the reference period, evaluated period was divided into 20-year time horizons 2010, 2030 and 2075. The impact of climate change was analyzed using the course of two meteorological parameters, namely the precipitation totals and air temperature, because these parameters reflect the best the impact of climate change. In the context of evaluation of the impact of climate change on water regime of wetland, we focused on evapotranspiration
  
  KEY WORDS: climate change, wetland, air temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration
  
  Address:
  - Mária Pásztorová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 2 59274616 Fax.: Email: maria.pasztorova@stuba.sk)
  - Jana Skalová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Miroslava Jarabicová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 21 - 31, doi:
Scientific Paper, English

Margarita L. Himmelbauer, Juraj Majerčák, Marek Rodný, Viliam Novák, Willibald Loiskandl: The impact of root data details on modelling of soil water transport in soil - plant - atmosphere system

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• The scope of the presented study is the role of plant roots in movement of water in soil - plant - atmosphere continuum and its modelling. The outcomes are product of long-term collaboration between the Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, BOKU Vienna and the Institute of Hydrology, Bratislava. In the frame of this cooperation, there were three joint missions conducted. During this research work, seasonal changes in root distributions profiles of three cereals crops grown on fields nearby Bratislava were determined. Next, an obtained range of root morphological parameter was applied for simulations of water uptake rate using own modelling tools. The results of root uptake conceptualization and the simulations showed the usefulness of this approach, but there was still a need for further development, in order to progress the model for specific applications in the field of root research. Handling with flexible root distribution function and uptake rate and compensatory mechanisms for water were objectives of the third mission. The addressed research questions and the most important results and outputs of the join studies are presented and discussed in detail.
  
  KEY WORDS: Root modelling, Parameterization, Water uptake, Root Extraction Function, Simulation
  
  Address:
  - Margarita L. Himmelbauer, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna Muthgasse 18 A-1190 Vienna Austria (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: ml.himmelbauer@boku.ac.at)
  - Juraj Majerčák, Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava Slovak Republic
  - Marek Rodný, Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava Slovak Republic
  - Viliam Novák, Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava Slovak Republic
  - Willibald Loiskandl, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna Muthgasse 18 A-1190 Vienna Austria

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 32 - 38, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Šurda, Tatiana Kaletová, Marek Rodný: Impact of the crop structure on surface runoff within the catchment area

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• Investigation of agricultural production effects on water resources belongs to the current issues of sustainable water management as it is well known that incorrect management approaches could lead to unhealthy natural environments and nonproductive agricultural landscapes. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of crops grown on water runoff in the area of Bocegaj stream at Kolinany catchment (9.75 km2) using the historical measurements. Crops were divided into 3 groups – root crops (maize and sugar beet), cereals (wheat, oat, and barley), and fodder crops (oil seed, alfalfa, red clover). Based on the daily hydrological and meteorological data from the period 1974–1995 we were able to describe the impact of agricultural activity on the water resources in the manner of catchment retention and the amount of surface runoff in different years with different crop structure. We used the historical records of grown crops and agricultural activities from the same period. Statistics were used to compare the measurements.
  
  KEY WORDS: surface runoff, crop cover, agricultural landscape
  
  Address:
  - Peter Šurda, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: surda@uh.savba.sk)
  - Tatiana Kaletová, Katedra krajinného inžinierstva FZKI SPU, Hospodárska, 9749 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Marek Rodný, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 39 - 50, doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Jana Pařílková, Jaroslav Veselý, Marie Fejfarová, Zuzana Gardavská: Applying the electrical impedance spektrometry method during monitoring of interaction soil – water

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• The increase in human population and increasing pressure on natural resources confirm the importance of the sustainable development strategy. Among the dominant elements of the strategy include the protection of land resources. Geoelectric monitoring methods are currently an important tool in monitoring the mutual interaction of soil and groundwater with surface waters. In the category of indirect measuring geoelectric methods can include electrical impedance spectrometry method. The complexity of the monitored environment, where the solid, liquid and gaseous components there is a constant exchange of molecules and ions influenced by physical, chemical and biological processes, places great demands on the selection and application of monitoring techniques. The paper shows the principle of electrical impedance spectrometry method, apparatus realized in solving international projects in applied research program EUREKA and selected results, including a brief summary of the experience from use in field measurements.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil, water, electrical impedance spectrometry, temperature, the Z-meter device
  
  Address:
  - Jana Pařílková, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb, Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+420 54114 7284 Fax.: +420 54114 7288 Email: parilkova.j@fce.vutbr.cz)
  - Jaroslav Veselý, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb, Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika
  - Marie Fejfarová, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb, Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika
  - Zuzana Gardavská, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb, Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 51 - 61, doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Marie Fejfarová, Jana Pařílková: Temperature dependence of electrical resistance soil samples found using method EIS

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• Changes in temperature often significantly affect the value of variables, which describe the characteristics of the studied compounds. This paper deals with the determination of the temperature dependence of selected soil samples on the electrical conductivity respectively resistivity which was measured using electrical impedance spectrometry (EIS). The experiment was performed in laboratory conditions, where were tested soil samples saturated with fresh water.
  
  KEY WORDS: electrical impedance spectrometry, temperature, the Z-meter device, resistivity, conductivity
  
  Address:
  - Marie Fejfarová, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb, Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+420 54114 7284 Fax.: +420 54114 7288 Email: FejfarovaM@study.fce.vutbr.cz)
  - Jana Pařílková, Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Ústav vodních staveb, Laboratoř vodohospodářského výzkumu, Veveří 95, 602 00 Brno, Česká republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 62 - 67, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Branislav Kandra, Milan Gomboš: Retention curves determination in heavy soils of the Eastern Slovak Lowland

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• The effect of volume changes of heavy soils on the results of measuring their retention properties was investigated in this study. The methodology is partly based on the ISO standard 11274:1998 (Soil quality Determination of the water retention characteristics), also based on the methods of laboratories ring test (1st FSCC Soil Physical Ring Test 2009, FutMon Protocol about the way of retention curves measuring) and current pactice of retention curves measuring in the workplace of Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (VÚMOP Praha). In accordance with this methodology were obtained partial results of retention curves measurements including water retention and shrinkage characteristics of the studied soils. That issue remains open to more accurate results for next determination of this basic hydrophysical characteristic
  
  KEY WORDS: retention curves, volume changes, numerical simulation, soil water regime
  
  Address:
  - Branislav Kandra, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42156 6425 147 Fax.: +42156 6425 147 Email: kandra@uh.savba.sk)
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 68 - 76, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Andrej Tall, Milan Gomboš: Regionalization of the area of Eastern Slovak Lowland according to the potential of volume changes of soils

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• This paper is devoted to the regionalization of selected part of Eastern Slovak Lowland (ESL) according to the potential of volume changes of soils. Volume changes of soils were defined by the coefficient COLE (Coefficient Of Linear Extensibility). Values of COLE were calculated using the pedotransfer function, which is based on the soil texture. Analysed were 106 soil samples from observed area. Outputs were presented using GIS application.
  
  KEY WORDS: coefficient of linear extensibility, COLE, pedotransfer function
  
  Address:
  - Andrej Tall, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Oddelenie hydrológie nížin Michalovce, Hollého 42, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 056 6425147 Fax.: Email: tall@uh.savba.sk)
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Oddelenie hydrológie nížin Michalovce, Hollého 42, 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 77 - 82, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Ivana Pálešová, Dana Pavelková, Helena Hlavatá: Impacts of groundwater level to water supply of the root zone

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• Critical depth means the lowest depth of ground water that still influence root zone of vegetation. With the decline of this water below a critical depth, the transfer of water from the water table to the root zone of the soil profile is interrupted. That is the reason why it is so important to know critical depth of groundwater level. In this paper, we have dealt with the shifts of groundwater level in order to estimate the critical depth of groundwater level. We had modeled it on two different soil types (sandy and clayey soils) during two meteorologically different vegetation seasons (years 2000 and 2007) chosen from the period 1970–2011.
  
  KEY WORDS: critical depth of groundwater level, root zone, soil water storage
  
  Address:
  - Ivana Pálešová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42156 6425147 Fax.: +42156 6425147 Email: palesova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Dana Pavelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika
  - Helena Hlavatá, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav Košice Ďumbierska 26 041 17 Košice, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 83 - 94, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Dagmar Stojkovová, Miriam Fendeková: Evaluation of groundwater levels interaction with surface water in Laborec catchment

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• Interaction of groundwater with surface water in Laborec basin up to the Udava tributary is evaluated in the paper. Groundwater level regime is assessed in relation to surface stream and climatic conditions influence. The Laborec basin belongs to upland-lowland basin types. Discharges reach the maximum in March, together with the maximum accumulation of the groundwater storage. The accumulation can also be delayed in one month. The timedelay reflects the distance of the groundwater monitoring object from the stream, which in the case of Vyšné Čabiny well in the upper part of the basin makes 300 m. In other cases (wells Koškovce, Udavské and Vyšný Hrušov) the distances of wells from the stream were 40 – 150 m. Results of groundwater regime analysis documented good hydraulic interconnection of surface and groundwater through Quaternary alluvial sediments. The time delay of 8 – 9 months among discharges and groundwater level on one side and precipitation and air temperature on the other, documents the influence of subsurface recharge in the environment of not very permeable Quaternary and Paleogene sediments. The most intense fluctuation of groundwater level was recognized in Vyšné Čabiny well, the most intensive fluctuation of discharges at Koškovce gauging profile. In all objects, the typical alluvial plain groundwater regime type was identified
  
  KEY WORDS: interaction of stream flow and groundwater level, climatic factors, groundwater regime, Laborec catchment
  
  Address:
  - Dagmar Stojkovová, Katedra hydrogeológie PRIF UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: stojkovovad@fns.uniba.sk)
  - Miriam Fendeková, Katedra hydrogeológie PRIF UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 95 - 109, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Diana Porubská, Dana Vrablíková, Miriam Fendeková, Marián Fendek: Relation of surface and groundwater in Ľupčianka catchment

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• Inter-relations of hydrometeorological data in the Ľupčianka catchment are analyzed in the paper. Precipitation in Železné, discharges in Partizánska Ľupča, spring yields of spring No. 413 – Lovná and 414 – Pod Červeným grúňom, as well as groundwater level in well No. 5362 were used as the input data in yearly, monthly and weekly time steps. Cross-correlation method, Spearman´s rank correlation and factor analysis were the principal methods used during the research. The results documented synchronicity of discharges, spring yields and groundwater level according to their seasonality, where the highest cross-correlation coefficients were reached with the zero time lag. However, the statistically significant correlations with the 12-month time lag were documented, indicating retardation of water in the catchment. Factor analysis in the monthly and weekly time step documented the importance of groundwater runoff on surface stream discharges formation in the catchment.
  
  KEY WORDS: rainfall-runoff relations, surface and groundwater regime, Ľupčianka stream catchment
  
  Address:
  - Diana Porubská, Katedra hydrogeológie pri PRIF UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: porubska@fns.uniba.sk)
  - Dana Vrablíková, Katedra hydrogeológie pri PRIF UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Miriam Fendeková, Katedra hydrogeológie pri PRIF UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Marián Fendek, Katedra hydrogeológie pri PRIF UK Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 110 - 116, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Anežka Čelková: Numerical modeling of non – reactive contaminant transport in groundwater at Čenkov valley

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• This article deals with numerical modeling of non – reactive contaminant transport in the Čenkov Valley groundwater by three – dimensional MT3DMS transport model at high water level condition in the Danube River. It was posited that the water in the Danube River was a source of pollution (model situation). Contaminant transport was promoted by advection with considering of dispersion. MT3DMS transport model was used in conjunction with groundwater flow model MODFLOW. The prognosis of pollutant propagation assumes steady groundwater flow. At high water level in the Danube River, groundwater is flowing towards the area of the Čenkov Valley and contaminants from the Danube River are getting into the territory through the “windows” in the underground sealing wall at Kravany nad Dunajom and Čenkov. Non – reactive contaminant concentration distributions were obtained by MT3DMS model. The movement of contaminant corresponds with the general groundwater flow direction. The contaminant concentration is reduced partially due to dilution with mass of groundwater and partially by dispersion influence.
  
  KEY WORDS: MT3DMS transport model, groundwater flow, non – reactive contaminant transport, Čenkov Valley
  
  Address:
  - Anežka Čelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421249268263 Fax.: Email: celkova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 117 - 125, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Márta Koczka Bara, Yvetta Velísková, Darina Takáčová: Point- and nonpoint-source pollution load of groundwater and surface water on the Rye Island

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• Water is essential for life on Earth, groundwater and surface water are very important water resources in the natural environment. In this paper the point- and nonpoint-source pollution load on the territory of Rye Island was studied. Rye Island is the richest drink water reservoir of Slovakia, there are extensive supplies of groundwater under its surface, for this reason it is very important to protect water quality and monitor the sources of pollution in this region. The average slope of Rye Island is very low, only 2,5.10-4, what was one of the reasons to bulid up a channel network in this area. In this study, the pollution load was analysed primarily around the channels SVI and SVII; the main sources of pollution, the pollution type and amounts were evaluated in this locality. In the study area the biggest amount of point-source pollution comes from urban waste water; nonpoint-source pollution originates mainly from agricultrural production. The results of this study could be used for further research of water quality in this area, e.g. as input data to numerical models of water quality or as background data for scenarios of water quality in the study area.
  
  KEY WORDS: water quality, point-source pollution, nonpoint-source pollution
  
  Address:
  - Márta Koczka Bara, Ústav hydrológie Slovenská akadémia vied Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421 2 49 268 280 Fax.: +421 2 44 259 404 Email: bara@uh.savba.sk)
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie Slovenská akadémia vied Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Darina Takáčová, Slovenský hydrometeoologický ústav Jeséniova 17 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: darina.takacova@shmu.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 126 - 134, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Renáta Dulovičová, Yvetta Velísková, Márta Koczka Bara, Radoslav Schűgerl: Impact of silts distribution along the Chotárny channel on seepage water amounts

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• The bed silts are one of the main factors which affect the mutual water interaction between channel network and aquifers in their surroundings. It was the main reason why the silting up of channel network was researched and evaluated. This contribution presents the current situation of silting up in the Chotárny channel. This channel is one of the main channels of the Žitný Ostrov (ŽO) channel network. The network at this region was built up for drainage of internal water and also to safeguard irrigation water. The initial measurements of silt thickness along the Chotárny channel were carried out in 1993. Then in 2004 there were done control measurements in selected profiles of Chotárny channel and in 2012 were done the detailed field measurements of 32 cross-section profiles aggradations along this channel. The results show that the channel silting up has not been changed too much during monitored period. This fact is documented by graphical presentation of silt thicknesses at this channel and by the comparison of its state from previous periods. It is important to remind that the measurements were done from surface water level, so only the differences between silt top and channel bottom levels are significant. The changes of recharge water amounts in various cases of water level in the channel and water table in surrounding groundwater were evaluated.
  
  KEY WORDS: channel bed aggradation, channel network, groundwater, silt thickness, seepage water amounts
  
  Address:
  - Renáta Dulovičová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: +4212 49268280 Fax.: Email: dulovicova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Márta Koczka Bara, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Radoslav Schűgerl, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 135 - 144, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Viera Kováčová, Yvetta Velísková: Evaluation of surface water qualitative parameters in Žitný ostrov area from the nitrogen compounds position

 Full Text in PDF     37 DOWNLOADS

• Nitrogen is a crucial input in agricultural production, but it puts environmental pressure on water, soil and air contamination. To identify the likely factors influencing nitrate contamination in surface water and groundwater is one of the most important assignments. It was found out, that increased agricultural activity leads on average to higher nitrate contamination in groundwater. Additionally, environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature play an important role. Nitrate leaching from agricultural land is usually considered a non-point source pollution problem, making the specific polluter hard to identify. Consequently, indicators that establish the functional relationship between pollution and agricultural activity in the context of site characteristics are necessary to allow effective policy regulation. Directive 2000/60/EC sets out general provisions for the protection and conservation of groundwater. Measures to prevent and control groundwater pollution should be adopted, including criteria for assessing good groundwater chemical status, criteria for the identification of significant and sustained upward trends of water quality and for the definition of starting points for trend reversals. The nitrogen compounds quantity in surface water was evaluated in time period 1989-2010 to estimate the nitrogen surface water pollution.
  
  KEY WORDS: surface water,qualitative parameters, nitrogen compounds, nitrogen pollution
  
  Address:
  - Viera Kováčová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268263 Fax.: Email: kovacova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 145 - 153, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Yvetta Velísková, Marek Sokáč, Márta Koczka Bara, Renáta Dulovičová: Hydrodynamic approach to the surface water quality modelling

 Full Text in PDF     39 DOWNLOADS

• Slovakia, concerning the Water Framework Directive, has to achieve and to keep “good water quality” status up to the year 2015. For the surface water the main criterion will be the rate of the ecological and chemical quality degree. The development of computer technologies enables to solve the ecological problems in water management practice very efficiently (from everyday wastewater disposal through fatal discharges of the toxic substances) without immediate destructive impact to environment. Determination of longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficient values, as the main hydrodynamic characteristics of this phenomenon, has the highest extent of uncertainty for hydrodynamic models simulating a pollution transport in streams. This paper deals with determination of dispersion coefficients from field tracer experiments carried out at a small adjusted stream with discharge Q = 0,138–0,553 m3.s-1. During the experiments various conditions and situations were taken into account, e.g. continuous and instantaneous pollution source, as well as various positions of pollution source along the river width, etc., but the pollution source localisation on the bank was judged mainly. Field measurements were evaluated using three various methods for dispersion coefficients determination: based on statistical evaluation, based on analytical solutions of advection-dispersion equation and methods using numerical models. The dimensionless dispersion coefficient values were determined, which can be used for numerical simulation of pollutant transport in a similar type of streams.
  
  KEY WORDS: pollution spreading, numerical simulation, dispersion coefficients, field tracer experiments
  
  Address:
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: veliskova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Marek Sokáč, Stavebná fakulta STU Bratislava Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: marek.sokac@stuba.sk)
  - Márta Koczka Bara, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Renáta Dulovičová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 154 - 162, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Radoslav Schügerl, Yvetta Velísková, Márta Koczka Bara, Renáta Dulovičová: Comparison of velocity of the stream flow by FlowTracker gear and by means of trail dispersion substance

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• Important aspect for recognise the hydrodynamics characteristics of the stream flow is velocity of surveyed stream flow. This article presents comparison of two methods on the determination of velocity stream flow (by Flow Tracker gear and by means of trail dispersion substance). Measurements were carried out in fourtransverses profiles on the Malá Nitra stream flow in the Veľký Kýr town residential area.
  
  KEY WORDS: dispersion substance, FlowTracker, velocity, stream flow
  
  Address:
  - Radoslav Schügerl, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: schugerl@uh.savba.sk)
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Márta Koczka Bara, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Renáta Dulovičová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 163 - 173, doi:
Scientific Paper, Czech

Veronika Bačová Mitková: Relationship of corresponding flows on the main stream and its tributary

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• The catastrophic floods have various effects on the environment and economics not only in the last but also at present. Influence of the large discharges depends on the number of the factors: seasons, weather conditions, geographical location, relief, duration, volume, rainfall and so on. Determination of the flood hazard is an important and also difficult task, which meets with a number of key issues. In the introduction of this paper is short description of the basic processes and phenomena that affect the formation and development of the floods. The second part presents the methodology of the multivariate statistical analysis synchronously occurring discharges on the main river Morava and its tributary Myjava. At the end the discharges with the same probability of occurrence on both rivers are evaluated. As a mathematical tool for determining a joint probability of occurance and joint return period of two dependent variables (discharge) copula functions was used.
  
  KEY WORDS: the Morava River, the Myjava River, joint distribution, copula function, joint return period and conditional return period
  
  Address:
  - Veronika Bačová Mitková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 83102 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: 00421244259311 Fax.: 00421244259311 Email: mitkova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 174 - 183, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Marián Melo, Pavla Pekárová, Pavol Miklánek, Ľudovít Ľupták: The Danube flood in year 1895. Part III.: In the Pressburger Zeitung and Wiener Zeitung newspapers

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• This paper is a continuation of the papers by Melo et al. (2012) and Pekárová et al. (2012). It brings the information obtained from newspaper articles dealing with the flood on the Danube and its tributaries in 1895, according to Preßburger Zeitung and Wiener Zeitung during the period since the end of February to the end of April 1895. These volumes of the newspapers are not preserved in the Slovak libraries, and therefore we assume that it will be useful to publish the commented information on origin and development of the Danube spring flood in 1895 in recent journal.
  
  KEY WORDS: flood, newspaper, iceflow, precipitation, warming, Danube
  
  Address:
  - Marián Melo, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky Mlynská dolina 842 48 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: melo@fmph.uniba.sk)
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: pekarova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Pavol Miklánek, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ľudovít Ľupták, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav Jeséniova 17 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: ludovit.luptak@shmu.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 184 - 192, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Pavla Pekárová, Ján Pekár, Pavol Miklánek, Dana Halmová: Statistical methods for river flow prediction

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• In the paper, the long-term discharge prediction of Neva River using stochastic models is made. The following models were used: autoregressive model AR(29), several seasonal integrated autoregressive Box-Jenkins models of moving averages PARIMA (p,d,q)x(P,D,Q)29 and harmonic model. Prediction is based on historical time series of yearly discharges of Neva River during the period 1859–2010. The prediction for next decades was made. According to the stochastic models used, we can expect, that high flows should prevail in the Neva River basin in the next years with maximum discharges occurring in 2015–2017. As the probability of floods is higher during the wet periods, one can expect that the extreme flood can occur in next years similar to the 1924 or 1824 floods.
  
  KEY WORDS: long-term discharge prediction, time series, Neva River, Box-Jenkins models, harmonic model PYTHIA
  
  Address:
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 44259311 Fax.: 004212 44259311 Email: pekarova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Ján Pekár, Katedra aplikovanej matematiky a štatistiky Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky UK Mlynská dolina 842 48 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 602 95 635 Fax.: 004212 654 12 305 Email: Jan.Pekar@fmph.uniba.sk)
  - Pavol Miklánek, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Dana Halmová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 193 - 203, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Dana Halmová, Pavla Pekárová: Trend analysis of monthly and extreme discharges at gauging station Bela-Podbanske

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• The present contribution deals with the issues of identifying trends in monthly and extreme flows at station Bela-Podbanske. One of the extremes is the minimum flows tied with the hydrological drought. Analysis of the trends of minimum flows can predict their occurrence and minimize their negative impacts on society and the environment. The Bela River, tributary of the Vah River, is situated in the High Tatra Mountains with the highest degree of protection and it can be considered as the basin unaffected by human activity. Also for that reason, it is useful to know the hydrological changes in the flow profile. In the first part we assessed minimum and maximum daily flow rates for the two periods 1929–2011 and 1960–2011 at Bela-Podbanske, using software that is suitable for statistical evaluation of changes in the number of floods and extreme droughts. The second part deals with the analysis of monthly flows regime at both stations for the selected time periods. Four shorter periods 1929–1948, 1949–1968, 1969–1988 and 1989–2011 were subsequently analysed, too. In the third part of the paper, we analyzed trends in mean monthly and extreme discharges for the period 1929–2011 and 1960–2011 to determine whether there is any significant change in the trend. We used the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test, which is one of the most widely used non-parametric tests to detect significant trends in time series. The nonparametric tests are more suitable for the detection of trends in hydrological time series, which are usually irregular, with many extremes.
  
  KEY WORDS: trend analysis, MANN-KENDALL test, monthly and extreme discharges, Bela River basin
  
  Address:
  - Dana Halmová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: halmova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 204 - 217, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Katarína Kučárová, Peter Škoda, Pavla Pekárová: Simulation of the water temperature development in the Morava river basin watercourses

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• This study is focused on water temperature simulation in watercourses in the Morava river basin and its dependence on expected increase of maximum daily air temperature. Our aim is to assess influence of possible air warming on water temperature in watercourses. In the process of data handling have used: series of average daily water temperature measured in 21 watercourses in the Morava river basin and mean daily air temperature series at Bratislava-airport, period 2006–2011. Scenarios for extreme monthly air temperatures at station Bratislava- airport have been calculated on the basis of statistical analysis of daily air temperatures for period 1951-2011. Extreme water temperatures have been simulated from the scenario of air temperatures by calibrated ARIMA models. Results of simulations show, that in case of maximum air temperature increase by 1°C the water temperature will rise by 0.7 °C– 0.9 °C, depending on models used.
  
  KEY WORDS: water temperature, climate change. ARIMA models, extremality, Water Framework Directive, type, water body, simulation
  
  Address:
  - Katarína Kučárová, MŽP SR Námestie Ľ. Štúra č. 1, 812 35 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: 00421259343298 Fax.: Email: katarina.kucarova@enviro.gov.sk)
  - Peter Škoda, SHMÚ Jeséniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: 00421259415203 Fax.: Email: peter.skoda@shmu.sk)
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: 004212 44259311 Fax.: Email: pekarova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 218 - 224, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Silvia Kohnová: The Gradex method testing for estimation of N-year maximum discharge in selected stations of the upper Hron basin

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• Estimation of N-year maximum discharges belongs to the most important tasks of engineering hydrology. By the estimation of design discharges at the gauging station usually the statistical methods are used. The selection of the appropriate distribution function, the method of parameter estimation as also the selection of the analysed period often depend on the tradition in the country where they are applied. For design of important water structures as dams, polders etc. low probability design values are needed, which estimation is possible by using long time series of data. An alternative approach to this is the Gradex method, which was not adopted for design flood estimation in Slovakia yet. The aim of this paper was therefore to test the applicability of the Gradex method and the sensitivity of its parameter estimation on the selected catchments in the upper Hron River basin.
  
  KEY WORDS: Gradex method, design floods, parameter estimation
  
  Address:
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny SvF STU Bratislava, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: silvia.kohnova@stuba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 225 - 232, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Valent, Ján Szolgay: The impact of improvements of r-r model calibration on the simulation of series of annual maximum flows

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• The use of rainfall-runoff models in the flood frequency analysis of flows often faces problems with the model calibration on maximum flows. Calibration techniques that are traditionally used usually use objective functions such as Nash-Sutcliffe criterion. These techniques are usually not able to satisfactorily simulate extreme flows which are crucial in the flood frequency analysis. This paper deals with the improvement of the calibration of rainfall-runoff model to simulate extreme flows. Two improvements are suggested: 1) using of a new optimization function comparing only values that are higher than 95th percentile of observed flows and 2) changing of a structure of the model HRON, so various sets of parameters are used to simulate low and high flows. The combination of both of these measures we have managed to substantially improve the simulation of extreme flows, which is demonstrated on the empirical cumulative distribution function curves calculated for both observed and simulated series of annual maximum flows. The suggested technique was also compared with traditional calibration techniques of rainfall-runoff models.
  
  KEY WORDS: rainfall-runoff model HRON, calibration, annual maximum series of flows, flow frequency analysis
  
  Address:
  - Peter Valent, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: peter_valent@stuba.sk)
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 233 - 242, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Juraj Bezák, Milan Čistý, Ľubomír Čelár: Assessing of the impact of training data preprocessing on the river flows predict by data-driven models

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• The paper analyzes the impact of training data preprocessing on the performance of data-driven model. Such model could be used to predict the river flows, which is one of the important sources of information for the protection of people and their property in times of flooding. It is generally believed that the more years of measurements and more measurement stations leads to the better modeling results. This argument may not necessarily be true. Balanced input data, which are recorded in possibly the widest possible range of hydrological situations in the basin, are often more important than their quantity. It is possible to create a balanced data set also by application of various preprocessing techniques, which are studied in this paper. The authors applied Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm to predict the river flow. SVMs have been tested in various studies and comparisons with other data driven techniques were published with promising results. In this paper the authors examine the impact of sampling of input data for hydrologic modeling and its effect on the results. Modeling and sampling was used for predicting the flows in the river Hron in Slovakia. In the paper the authors are analyzing the purpose of reducing hardware and CPU demands, which reduction is important in the model calibration, process of selection of appropriate inputs to the model, or at ensemble modeling. In this article, the authors demonstrate that the model created on the basis of 50% of the total available amount of data is about as accurate as the model with all the data, and therefore more suitable for complex calculations, such as parameter optimization or ensemble modeling in which such model runs many times.
  
  KEY WORDS: sampling, data-driven models, SVM, flow predictions
  
  Address:
  - Juraj Bezák, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: juraj.bezak@stuba.sk)
  - Milan Čistý, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ľubomír Čelár, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajin Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 243 - 251, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

, Michaela Danáčová, Ján Szolgay: A spatial assessment of the indicator of hydrological regime changes

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• The trends or other changes detected in discharge time series can be regarded as signals or indicators, which can be studied in connection with changes in the climatic and/or hydrological systems. For detecting changes in hydrological time series several well established methods can be applied. In this paper a new semi-empirical method is suggested for detecting change. The time series of mean monthly flows are first divided in to two non-overlapping segments. Within each partial series the relationship between the deviations of the mean monthly and annual flows from the respective long term averages are studied with linear regression for each month. Subsequently the regression lines are compared for both periods. In particular the angle between both regression lines from each period is taken as a measure of possible change of behaviour of the system. The strength of the respective correlations is also evaluated and used as supplementary information. The detected changes were spatially analysed over the territory of Slovakia.
  
  KEY WORDS: trend analysis, hydrological change, climate change
  
  Address:
  - Miroslava Tegelhoffová, - Michaela Danáčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 252 - 260, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Karolína Zechelová, Silvia Kohnová, Kamila Hlavčová, Ján Szolgay: The regional scaling of the short-term precipitation in selected raingauge stations in Slovakia

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• The aim of the study was tested a simple scaling methodology for approaches of regional and local estimation. For the analysis 21 precipitation stations located in the whole territory of Slovakia were selected. This stations were separated into 5 homogeneous regions according to study of Gaál (2006). Scaling exponents of the statistical moments were estimated for each station and the warm period. Using scaling exponents the regional scaling exponents for every region were estimated. The design short-term rainfall values were estimated by downscaling 1-day precipitation totals using the local and regional approach. The results were compared to the design rainfall values assessed by Šamaj and Valovič (1973). The study validated the possibility of using the simple scaling methodology for regional estimating design rainfall intensity values in Slovakia.
  
  KEY WORDS: regionalization, simple scaling, design short-term rainfall values
  
  Address:
  - Karolína Zechelová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta ,STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: karolina.zechelova@stuba.sk)
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta ,STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta ,STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta ,STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 261 - 271, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Katarína Juričeková, Kamila Hlavčová, Ján Szolgay, Lucia Bartóková, Viliam Szász: Evaluating changes in simulated snow water equivalent in the upper Hron River basin

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• The aim of this paper was an evaluation of changes in snow cover, characterized by simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) in the last decades in our conditions. As a pilot basin the upper Hron river basin with 6 climate stations with available measured data of snow water equivalent was selected. Analysis of changes in snow cover was provided by evaluating changes in simulated snow water equivalent using a conceptual hydrological rainfall-runoff model with lumped parameters. Several sets of calibrated model parameters were tested with the aim to achieve the best simulated values of the basin’s snow water equivalent. Simulated values of SWE were compared with available measured values of SWE. Trends of the simulated basin’s SWE were estimated including testing their significance. From the results it is possible to indicate a decrease in simulated SWE on the upper Hron river basin in the period of 1961-2000.
  
  KEY WORDS: snow water equivalent, rainfall-runoff model
  
  Address:
  - Katarína Juričeková, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: katarina.juricekova@stuba.sk)
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Lucia Bartóková, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Viliam Szász, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 272 - 280, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Daniel Kubinský, Karol Weis: Change of volume in space of water reservoir (tajch) Bakomi

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• This paper is focused on detecting and pointing to current state of erosion and sedimentation processes and changes in volume in area of Bakomi water reservoir in period of 40years. In spite of the fact that basin of Bakomi water reservoir is quite low and the only constant tributary springs from Dolná Bakomi drainage gallery, considerable volume of sediments has been accumulated in 40 year-period. The changes of water surface itself influenced by erosion and sedimentation processes haven’t been determined as it has been proved in cases of other water reservoirs in water management system in the area of Banská Štiavnica. In this project relief of water reservoir’s bottom is modeled for both periods (1971-2011) and whole volume of sediments silted into water reservoir for given time period is also calculated.
  
  KEY WORDS: Bakomi, sedimentation, changes in volume, ultrasonic measurements, numerical modeling
  
  Address:
  - Daniel Kubinský, Katedra biológie a ekológie Fakulta prírodných vied - Univerzita Mateja Bela Tajovského 40 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: posta@dkubinsky.sk)
  - Karol Weis, Katedra geografie, geológie a krajinnej ekológie Fakulta prírodných vied - Univerzita Mateja Bela Tajovského 40 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: karol.weis@umb.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2013, p. 281 - 288, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Viliam Macura, Ivan Stankoci, Jana Kráľová: Evaluation of the aquatic habitat of flow in urban area

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• Ecological status of the river is influenced by many factors, of which the most important are fauna and flora; in this paper defined as habitat. During the years 2009, 2011 and 2012, research of the hydroecological quality was evaluated in the reference section of the Chotina, Bebrava and Nitrica which represented typically piedmont streams. Aim of this article was the evaluation of the aquatic habitat of flow in urban and natural area. For the evaluation were used ichtyological survey, topographical survey and modelling of the aquatic habitat with River Habitat Simulation System (RHABSIM). The final results will be used for methodology of the landscape architecture projects and for revitalizations of the flows. The main step was the assessing of the biotic habitat characteristics through the suitability curves for Brown trout. Suitability curves are a graphic representation of the main biotic and abiotic preferences for microhabitat’s components. The suitability curves were derived for the depth, velocity, fish covers and degree of the shading. For evaluating the quality of the aquatic habitat of fish covers were closely monitored and evaluated. The results of the Weighted Usable Area (WUA = f (Q)) were evaluated from a comprehensive assessment of the reference reach of the Drietomica River.
  
  KEY WORDS: Rhabsim, Bioindication, Aquatic Habitat, Suitability Curves, IFIM Methodology, Weight Usable Area
  
  Address:
  - Viliam Macura, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 831 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+421910 326 462 Fax.: Email: viliam.macura@stuba.sk)
  - Ivan Stankoci, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 831 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Jana Kráľová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 831 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika