Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 213 - 221, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Jaroslav Noskovič, Ľubomíra Kvetanová, Alexandra Palatická, Peter Sozanský, Mária Babošová: The influence of different ecosystems on concentrations of total phosphorus and phosphate phosphorus in the water course Čerešňový potok

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• Phosphorus is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of surface waters which results in strong decline of their quality. Therefore in last years the attention is paid on the reduction of phosphorus inputs not only from point sources of pollution but also from nonpoint ones into surface waters. The aim of this article is to evaluate the influence of different ecosystems (forest, agricultural, urban) on the concentrations of total and phosphate phosphorus in the water course Čerešňový potok during the years 2002 - 2004. The water course spring area is below the Veľký Tríbeč, the Malý Tríbeč and the Mišový hill in the Tribeč Mountains. It flows into the river Žitava below the Nová Ves nad Žitavou. Water sampling was realized in regular monthly intervals, always in the last decade of appropriate month. The sampling sites in longitudinal profile of the water course were arranged to fulfill the aims.
  
  KEY WORDS: water course, total phosphorus, phosphate phosphorus, ecosystems
  
  Address:
  - Jaroslav Noskovič, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4213764154422 Fax.: +421377411451 Email: jaroslav.noskovic@uniag.sk)
  - Ľubomíra Kvetanová, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Alexandra Palatická, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Sozanský, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika
  - Mária Babošová

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 222 - 230, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Jaroslav Noskovič, Alexandra Palatická: The evaluation of chlorides and sulphates concentrations in the water of the Nature reserve Alúvium Žitavy.

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• Chlorides and sulphates belong to dominant anions in surface waters. Their concentrations in these types of water are influenced by human activities and also natural environment. During the years 2006 – 2008 the concentrations of chlorides and sulphates were evaluated in dependence on sampling time and site in the water of the Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitavy. Alúvium Žitavy is a wetland ecosystem distinguished by the protection of biotopes and species of European importance. Water samples were taken from 6 sampling sites, in the middle of every month during the monitored period. The classification of water in sampling sites according to Cland SO4 2- indicators was performed by the comparison of the characteristic values in all sampling sites calculated according to STN 75 7221 and the recommended value for these indicators in Government Regulation No. 296/2005 Z. z. Sampling year, month and especially sampling site statistically significantly influenced values change of chlorides and sulphates concentrations. Differences in their concentrations in individual sampling sites were caused by different biotopes situated in these sites.
  
  KEY WORDS: Government Regulation, chlorides, sulphates, surface water quality, wetland
  
  Address:
  - Jaroslav Noskovič, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: Jaroslav.Noskovic@uniag.sk)
  - Alexandra Palatická, Katedra environmentalistiky a zoológie FAPZ SPU Tr. A. Hlinku 2 949 76 Nitra, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 231 - 244, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Andrej Šoltész, Dana Baroková, Lea Čubanová, Jozef Kamenský, Tomáš Gomboš: Water logging possibility of the Senianska Depression parts

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• In the Senianska wetland area, which is situated between villages Drahňov, Závadka and Kristy, on the left bank of the Čierna voda River, above its junction with Laborec River, periodic floods were stopped because of agricultural requirements after the year 1970. Such measure led to the total disposal of the wetlands. Few years ago several researches (Life Natura project 2000) were made in this locality (Senianska depression) to design and provide measures, which can help to retain ecological demands and bird reserve. Nowadays flooding of this area is planed, which can provide the restoration of local wetlands and soil water regime improvement, as well. The article is presenting the possibility how to realize the water supply in these areas. The existing channel system can be very efficiently used, but it is necessary to change its purpose from drainage to irrigation one.
  
  KEY WORDS: wetland, open channel modeling, HEC-RAS, groundwater flow simulation, TRIWACO
  
  Address:
  - Andrej Šoltész, Katedra hydrotechniky Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59 274 619 Fax.: +4212 59 274 619 Email: andrej.soltesz@stuba.sk)
  - Dana Baroková, Katedra hydrotechniky Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Lea Čubanová, Katedra hydrotechniky Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Jozef Kamenský, Katedra hydrotechniky Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Tomáš Gomboš, ISPO spol. s.r.o. Slovenská 86 080 01 Prešov

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 245 - 253, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Róbert Fencík, Linda Gálová, Peter Hudec: Using GIS in the crisis management for the needs of flood protection

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• Geographical information systems (GIS) are more frequently used in the field of the crisis management. GIS enable quicker modelling crisis (flood) situations, more effective creation of spatial analyses and flood hazard territory maps. It is needed get higher preparedness of crisis management organs and crisis staffs during emergency crisis situations. The aim of the paper is point out possibilities of using GIS as efficient and effective tools for the crisis management (CM) in the field of floods in case of crisis situations. Created maps of flood hazard and risk in ArcGIS show potential adverse consequences of floods and their can be used for planning preventive flood protection measures, flood simulations, the operative crisis management, etc. Realised spatial analyses by maps of flood hazard and risk offer as a result flood risk management plans. We could predict a movement of flood and make needful evacuation procedures and activities on the basis of using combined selective queries and spatial analyses used for the creation maps of flood hazard, risk and flood risk management plans.
  
  KEY WORDS: Geographical Information Systems, crisis management, floods, flood protection, heterogeneous data, spatial analyses, flood hazard maps, flood risk maps, flood risk management plans
  
  Address:
  - Róbert Fencík, Stavebná fakulta, STU Bratislava Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274528 Fax.: +4212 59274297 Email: robert.fencik@stuba.sk)
  - Linda Gálová, Stavebná fakulta, STU Bratislava Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Hudec, Ministerstvo pôdohospodárstva SR Dobrovičova 12 812 66 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 254 - 265, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Milan Čistý: Application of the artificial neural networks with SOM architecture in water management of the landscape

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• Application of the artificial neural networks (ANN) in hydrology and water resources management last already more than one decade. It is possible to become familiar with ANN basics also through Slovak or Czech scientific literature and some papers about application of ANN to hydrology or water related problems are available in Slovak or Czech language as well. Detailed reviews of ANNs along with assessments of their application in water resources or hydrology can be found, but these are generally focused mainly on application of the feedforward multilayer perceptron, though ANNs exists also in various other architecture variants. The self-organizing map (SOM; also called Kohonen maps) is a kind of ANN method which is capable of clustering, classification, estimation, prediction in general and there is great potential for its application in hydrological and other water resources related problems. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive literature review on the efficiency of unsupervised learning techniques in this research area. Consequently, the main objective of this paper is to explain the SOM algorithm and to review some published applications with main emphasis on water resources and related disciplines. From this review could be seen, that SOM is promising technology, but further research is necessary.
  
  KEY WORDS: artificial neural networks, self-organizing maps, hydrology, water resources management
  
  Address:
  - Milan Čistý, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: milan.cisty@stuba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 266 - 274, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Martin Suchár, Milan Čistý: Predicting the soil water content using learning algorithms

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• Predicting water content in soil is essential for the development of advanced agricultural information systems and modeling in hydrology. Because the water content in soil is variable and non-stationary, it is difficult to achieve accurate results in the forecast. Due to these problems are still necessary new and better learning methods to specify the resulting forecast. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs), which estimate soil hydraulic parameters from easy measured soil properties, are an important data source for hydrologic modeling. Recently artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become the tool of choice in PTF development. Recent developments in machine learning methods include the growing research and application of the alternative data-driven method called Support Vector Machines (SVMs). SVMs were first used as a classifier and then their functionality has been extended to regression. We compare the accuracy of the SVM with older learner technology, multi-layer perceptron and also with multiple linear regression as standard methodology.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil moisture, pedotransfer function, forecasting, support vector machine, artificial neural network
  
  Address:
  - Martin Suchár, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11 , 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: martin.suchar@stuba.sk)
  - Milan Čistý, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny, Stavebná fakulta STU, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 275 - 283, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Šúrek, Ján Szolgay, Milan Čistý: Parametrization of multilinear model cascade linear reservoirs by artificial neural network

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• This study deals with improving the accuracy of simulation of flood wave transformation using multilinear model cascade linear reservoirs (KLN). The parameters of this model are parameter k, which has the dimension of time and number of reservoirs. It was proved in many studies that the product of these parameters is equal to the value of the travel time, which reflects the morphological and hydraulic river characteristics. The travel time is variable. It dependents on many factors such as discharge, the rive bank vegetation, or either the shape of the flood wave, which express the slope of water level. In this study was developed concept, in which the model KLN is parameterized using the artificial neural network (UNS), in order to reflect the river characteristics. Used UNS was trained to estimate the optimal values of parameter k for different flow conditions. Analysis of the results of simulation shown that the proposed concept do not achieve the performance of the KLN model parameterized by relationship k = f (Q).
  
  KEY WORDS: flow routing model, multilinearity, artificial neural network, travel-time
  
  Address:
  - Peter Šúrek, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274 498 Fax.: +4212 52923 575 Email: peter.surek@stuba.sk)
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Milan Čistý, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 284 - 291, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Renáta Remiašová, Ladislav Gaál, Kamila Hlavčová, Silvia Kohnová, Pavol Faško: Spatial regionalization of design rainfall in Slovakia

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• The paper deals with mapping the 2- and 100-year maximum daily precipitation totals. Five types of three-parameter distribution functions: generalized extremal distribution (GEV), generalized logistic distribution (GLO), generalized normal distribution (GNO), Pearson distribution of III. type (PE3) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPA) were tested. Local estimation of the parameters was performed using L-moments algorithm. The analysis used a series of annual maximum daily precipitation totals for the period 1951 - 2000 from 557 stations in Slovakia. In conclusion, the comparison between maps of 100-year maximum daily precipitation totals obtained by kriging interpolation method and an expert-created map is made.
  
  KEY WORDS: annual maximum daily precipitation totals, frequency analysis, spatial interpolation methods
  
  Address:
  - Renáta Remiašová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274620 Fax.: +4212 59274 499 Email: renata.remiasova@stuba.sk)
  - Ladislav Gaál, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Silvia Kohnová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Pavol Faško, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav Jeséniová 17 83315 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 292 - 299, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Roman Výleta, Ján Szolgay, Kamila Hlavčová: Calibration Rainfall-runoff balance model with monthly time step in the upper catchment of the Hron River

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• In order to model the runoff from a catchment and to estimate its individual components with monthly time step, conceptual modeling has proved usefull with lumped catchment parameters. These models simplify the catchment into a series of connected storage reservoirs with precipitation inputs. The output from these models represents the streamflow at the catchment outlet. This study deals with a calibration of the rainfall-runoff hydrologic-balance model with monthly time step. The upper Hron River sub-catchment was used as a case study.
  
  KEY WORDS: rain-runoff model, hydrologic-balance, monthly time step, calibration
  
  Address:
  - Roman Výleta, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274 498 Fax.: +4212 52923 575 Email: roman.vyleta@stuba.sk)
  - Ján Szolgay, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Kamila Hlavčová, Katedra vodného hospodárstva krajiny Stavebná fakulta STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 300 - 311, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Pavla Pekárová, Juraj Pacl, Soňa Liová, Pavol Miklánek, Peter Škoda, Ján Pekár: 311

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• The obligatory condition for assessment of the climate change impact on hydrological regime is to process data from river basins which are not influenced by anthropogenic activities and where there exist homogeneous data series of at least 80 years. One of such river basins in Slovakia is the Belá River basin. The discharge is processed in Podbanské station since 1924. The aim of the study is the statistical analysis of the maximum annual discharges and corresponding areal precipitation during the 84-years period 1925–2008. We described the most important historical floods of the Belá River and statistically evaluated the regime of flood occurrence in the Belá basin. Following conclusions result from the statistical analysis of the measured maximum annual discharge series Qmax of the Belá River in Podbanské station: • Long-term trend of maximum annual floods Qmax is decreasing. • All three major floods over 140 m3s-1 occurred during 1925–1958. • Major floods on the Belá River occur in June–August.
  
  KEY WORDS: time series analysis, maximal annual discharges Qmax, thr Belá River basin
  
  Address:
  - Pavla Pekárová, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:004212 44259311 Fax.: 004212 44259311 Email: pekarova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Juraj Pacl, Želivská 341, 394 46 Červená Řečice, Česká republika
  - Soňa Liová, SHMÚ, RS Žilina Bôrická cesta 011 80 Žilina
  - Pavol Miklánek, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Peter Škoda, Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav, Jeséniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Ján Pekár, Katedra aplikovanej matematiky a štatistiky, Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky UK Mlynská dolina , 842 48 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 312 - 321, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Dana Halmová, Marián Melo: Impact of a potential climate change upon the required water supply by the Liptovská Mara reservoir

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• This paper presents an attempt to answer the question, how the expected climate change would influence the inflow into a multipurpose reservoir (water reservoirLiptovská Mara). There is another question: Will be a reservoir able to supply a real demand for water during those climate conditions? These changes were calculated by rainfall-runoff balance model WBMOD that works with a monthly time step. The input data series of precipitation and air temperature and the observed reservoir outflows were used to express the expected changes of the total runoff and the required reservoir capacity. Input data (precipitation and air temperature) were modified in each month according to the scenario based on climate model CCCM2000 estimated for the Liptovská Mara reservoir catchment. Failures in the required water supply for climate change scenario were then compared with those observed during the real life reservoir operation. The conclusions, of course, pertain only upon the same reservoir water supply realised during the so far historical operation (1951–1980) of the structure. However, in relation to the changed climatic conditions, one would expect a rather significant change in management of the utilised water.
  
  KEY WORDS: Monthly Balance Model WBMOD, Water Reservoir Liptovská Mara, Climate Change Scenario CCCM2000
  
  Address:
  - Dana Halmová, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: halmova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Marián Melo, FMFI Univerzita Komenského Mlynská dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 322 - 327, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Karol Kosorin: Numerical simulation and estimation of water level regime in the Dlhý kanál catchmen

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• The study contains method, results and analysis of water level and flow regime in complex net of irrigation channels. It stems from application of control the MODYKS model (Kosorin 1988,2007) on the Dlhý kanál channel net. This channel system has to regulate a water regime in area along the Váh river near the Vlčany weir.
  
  KEY WORDS: 1-D shallow water equations, mean values method, steady and unsteady flow in open channels
  
  Address:
  - Karol Kosorin, Ústav hydrológie SAV, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268280 Fax.: +4212 44259404 Email: kosorin@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 328 - 335, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Yvetta Velísková, Renáta Dulovičová, Marek Sokáč: Determination of the longitudinal dispersion rate in the flow with free surface in prizmatic channel. Part 2: curved direct line

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• Paper deals with determination of the longitudinal dispersion rate in the flow with free surface in curved section of sewer collector, which is described by longitudinal dispersion coefficient values. There are partial results of tracer experiments performed at various part of sewer network. The sewer represents free-surface flow in prismatic channel in straight direct with concrete bed surface. There is described methodology of longitudinal dispersion coefficient determination from field tracer experiment and also problems with its application there. Our values of DL from field measurements are compared with values, gained from application of empirical formulas for similar flow conditions. Paper with its contents, de facto, connects and supplements „Part 1: Straight section“ (Velísková a kol., 2009).
  
  KEY WORDS: open channel, free-surface flow, dispersion, longitudinal dispersion coefficient, field measurement, tracer experiment, numerical modlling of mass transport in stream
  
  Address:
  - Yvetta Velísková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268280 Fax.: Email: veliskova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Renáta Dulovičová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Marek Sokáč, Stavebná fakulta STU Katedra zdravotného a environmentálneho inžinierstva Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 336 - 344, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

František Burger: Groundwater regime characteristics of the riverside areas after construction of waterwork Nagymaros protective measures

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• Determination of the incidence of surface and groundwater relationship is performed using methods of hydrogeological research and exploration, together with hydrological observations carried out in riverside areas. Their strict interpretation, however, requires to know the basic quantitative and qualitative hydrological characteristics of river basins. Thus, obtain all information necessary for further observations of fluctuations in groundwater levels.The study is dealing with watertable countor maps for conditions of groundwater regime in Danube Lowland after the construction of the waterwork Nagymaros protecting measures take place. Contour maps are the basis for determining the direction and rate of groundwater flow, the drainage of groundwater from all sources, and the variations in percolation rates and in the permeability of the alluvial materials. Depth-to-groundwater table maps and hydrogeological profiles were produced. To explain differences and variations in the depth to watertable, one has to consider topography, surface and subsurface geology, climate, direction and rate of groundwater flow, land use, vegetation, irrigation, and the abstraction of groundwater.
  
  KEY WORDS: water level fluctuations, groundwater, Danube and Váh river basin, waterwork Nagymaros
  
  Address:
  - František Burger, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+ 421 2 49268 254 Fax.: + 421 2 44259 404 Email: burger@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 345 - 360, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Dana Pavelková, Milan Gomboš, Andrej Tall: Analysis of groundwater-level regime and groundwater flux in the Medzibodrožie area

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• There are presented evaluation results of groundwater-level regime and their development trends of hydrological drill holes located at the area of Medzibodrožie in the paper. Monitored area is the Southernmost and the lowest elevated place of East Slovakian Lowland (ESL) located at the South-east part of Slovak republic. Surface area of Medzibodrožie is 370 km2. Groundwater level regime was evaluated in term of average annual, average vegetation and average monthly water-level stages. For evaluation were used methods of mathematical statistics- descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and trend analysis. Planar representation of evaluated groundwaterlevel regime in the area of interest is shown in the form of hydroisolines. Direction of the groundwater flux is presented in the form of vector field. Results will be used for determination of unsaturated zone and consequently for numerical simulation of soil water regime in the area of Medzibodrožie.
  
  KEY WORDS: groundwater-level regime, hydroisolines, vector field of groundwater flux KEY WORDS: groundwater-level regime, hydroisolines, vector field of groundwater flux
  
  Address:
  - Dana Pavelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42156 6425 147 Fax.: +42156 6425 147 Email: pavelkova@uh.savba.sk)
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika
  - Andrej Tall, Ústav hydrológie SAV Bratislava Výskumná hydrologická základňa Michalovce Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 361 - 372, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Milan Gomboš, Július Šútor, Andrej Tall, Branislav Kandra, Danka Pavelková: Determination of soil water storage influenced by soil cracks

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• The clayey-loamy soils are characterized by the expressive volumetric changes in dependence on their humidity. The origin of mentioned phenomenon is determined by the content of clay and the quantity and sort of clayey minerals, respectively. There is a significant difference between the water regime of heavy soils and the rigid soils. The difference soils, that is in their ability to shrink and to swell. These processes are accompanying with the phenomenon which are quantified by the following characteristics of heavy soils: The basic characteristic of the shrinking heavy soils expressing the dependence of the number of porosity on the number of humidity, The characteristic of the network of cleft, The volumetric (morphological) changes of clefts in the dependence on the water content ,The volumetric changes of heavy soils concerning their water regime, The falling and rising of the surface of heavy soils according to a dynamics of water supply, The article presents the method for quantification of influence the soil clefts on the water storage in soil aeration zone.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil water storage, monitoring of soil moisture, moisture regime of soil
  
  Address:
  - Milan Gomboš, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+42156 64 51 47 Fax.: +42156 64 51 47 Email: uh.sav.mi@stonline.sk)
  - Július Šútor, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Andrej Tall, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika
  - Branislav Kandra, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika
  - Danka Pavelková, Ústav hydrológie SAV Výskumná hydrologická základňa Hollého 42 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 373 - 381, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Dana Kotorová, Rastislav Mati: The interaction of soil texture and hydrophysical properties of soils

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• The solution of tasks connected with moisture respectively with water regime of soil is in continuity mainly with knowing of relations, which determine accumulation, retention and dynamics of soil water. In this contribution is presented development trend of soil bulk density, total soil porosity and maximum capillary capacity at conventional tillage in years 1998 – 2008 for middle heavy, heavy and very heavy soils of Gleyic Fluvisols in conditions of the East Slovak Lowland. With regard to soil properties evaluation in spring time the weather conditions were valued in summer-winter time (April – March). In light of sum of rain proportion of observed years, these terms were characterized as normal respectively humid. From point of the view of air temperature these terms were valued as normal to warm. At this situation favourable changes of all observed soil properties were noticed. Differences connected with soil texture were saved during whole experimental term with exception of one year (2004) for bulk density and porosity. For maximum capillary capacity individual years were most dominant and it may connect with higher effect of momentary moisture on this soil parameter.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil texture, hydrophysical soil properties, trend analysis
  
  Address:
  - Dana Kotorová, CVRV – Výskumný ústav agroekológie Špitálska 1273 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: kotorova@scpv-ua.sk)
  - Rastislav Mati, CVRV – Výskumný ústav agroekológie Špitálska 1273 071 01 Michalovce, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 382 - 387, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Július Šútor, Viliam Nagy, Vlasta Štekauerová: Estimation of the critical soil water storage for vegetation canopy development with application of gravimetric and TDR method

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• Water storage in the soil aeration zone is water resource for the soil vegetation cover. This water storage differs from free water level by its properties. To utilize this stored water vegetation has to have a well developed root system with such suction pressure as to be able to surmount the bond of water with the soil. Energetic bond of water to soil is quantified by the moisture retention curve. Its characteristic points are: field water capacity (FWC), point of decreased accessibility (PDA), and wilting point (WP). These characteristics determine water accessibility for the vegetation root system. Time course of water in the soil aeration zone. can be determined by direct monitoring. Comparison of its values with characteristic points determines the state of water supply storage for vegetation. Its critical state for vegetation cover corresponds to the wilting point. Storage drop to this point causes the state of drought, and the vegetation decay, as a consequence. In the presented paper, results are described of the monitored water, stored in two soil types in localities around Hurbanovo (Slovakia) community, and their evaluation with respect to critical state for the vegetation cover. Moisture measurements with respect to water storage were performed by the weighting (gravimetric) method, as well as by the TDR method.
  
  KEY WORDS: soil water storage, monitoring of soil moisture, soil moisture regime
  
  Address:
  - Július Šútor, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 44259383 Fax.: +4212 44259404 Email: sutor@uh.savba.sk)
  - Viliam Nagy, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 388 - 400, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Katarína Brezianská: Prognosis of soil water regime in accordance with presumptive climate change

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• Many climate change scenarios predict significant values changes of meteorological and climatical elements for the future. It can influence soil water regime at some conditions to the certain extend. The aim of this work is to analyze influence of the climatic changes against the soil water regime in forest ecosystem at locality Bodiky. For a simulation purpose of water regime was used model GLOBAL. Climatic changes are simulated according to CCCM2000 and GISS98 scenarios in 2010, 2030 and 2075 time horizons.
  
  KEY WORDS: climate change, soil water regime, mathematical modelling
  
  Address:
  - Katarína Brezianská, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 49268276 Fax.: +4212 44259404 Email: stehlova@uh.savba.sk)

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 401 - 408, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Justína Vitková, Jana Skalová, Mária Pásztorová, Juraj Jánošík: Impact of precipitation during vegetation period on soil water regime

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• The impact of precipitation during vegetation period on soil water regime was evaluated in this article. The soil water storage for maize in Male Leváre (area in West Slovakia) was simulated by mathematical model GLOBAL. It was chosen three important years (dry, middle wet and wet) from 107 years measurements of precipitation in Malacky station. The impact of precipitation during vegetation period is not only on soil water storage but on the quality and fertility of the corn, too. Therefore in the case of deficit but also in case of soil water storage excess it is important to use amelioration intervention which can regulate the soil water regime.
  
  KEY WORDS: precipitation, soil water storage, vegetation period
  
  Address:
  - Justína Vitková, KVHK, SvF, STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274622 Fax.: +4212 52923575 Email: justina.vitkova@stuba.sk)
  - Jana Skalová, KVHK, SvF, STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika
  - Mária Pásztorová, KVHK, SvF, STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika
  - Juraj Jánošík, KVHK, SvF, STU Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava 1, Slovenská republika

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, p. 409 - 411, doi:
Scientific Paper, Slovak

Peter Dušička, Andrej Šoltész, Vlasta Štekauerová, Pavel Dlapa: Center of excellence of integrated flood protection area

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• Centrum excelentnosti integrovanej protipovodňovej ochrany územia (CEIPO) je organizácia výskumu a vývoja, ktorá je zapojená do medzinárodnej vedeckotechnickej spolupráce s pridanou hodnotou pre európsky výskumný priestor. Výsledky jej výskumu a vývoja sú určené pre hospodársku a spoločenskú prax v Slovenskej republike a premietajú sa do vzdelávania nových výskumných pracovníkov a vývoja nových vedeckých metodík. Centrum bolo zriadené v rámci operačného programu Výskum a vývoj podľa prioritnej osi č. 4 Podpora výskumu a vývoja v Bratislavskom kraji, opatrenie č. 4.1 Podpora sietí excelentných pracovísk výskumu a vývoja ako pilierov rozvoja regiónu v Bratislavskom kraji. Žiadateľ: Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave Partneri: Ústav hydrológie SAV a Prírodovedecká fakulta UK Trvanie projektu: 24 mesiacov Umiestnenie projektu (NUTS III): Bratislavský kraj Hlavným impulzom pre vznik projektu bola spoločenská potreba zriadenia excelentného vedeckovýskumného pracoviska, ktoré nadväzuje na doterajšiu vedeckovýskumnú odbornú expertíznu a publikačnú činnosť žiadateľa a partnerov projektu a ktoré by kvalifikovaným výskumníkom umožnilo uskutočňovať vedeckovýskumné činnosti v odboroch hydrologického, hydraulického, hydropedologického a krajinárskeho bádania v oblasti protipovodňovej ochrany v intravilánnom ako aj extravilánnom území. Strategickým cieľom projektu je podpora a zvyšovanie kvality vedeckovýskumného centra excelentnosti s dôrazom na strategickú oblasť integrovanej protipovodňovej ochrany územia. Strategický cieľ projektu úzko súvisí s globálnym cieľom Operačného programu Výskum a vývoj, pretože podpora centra excelentného výskumu je realizovaná práve formou modernizácie a zefektívnenia procesu výskumu a vývoja a skvalitnenia infraštruktúry univerzity, čo prispieva k zvyšovaniu konkurencieschopnosti ekonomiky, znižovaniu regionálnych disparít, ochrane životného prostredia a vylepšenia kvality života, tvorbe nových pracovných miest a zlepšeniu podmienok výskumného a vzdelávacieho procesu na STU ako aj u jej partnerov. Prostredníctvom investičných aktivít zameraných na modernizáciu infraštruktúry výskumu a vývoja a podporu vedeckovýskumných činností partnerských organizácií centra sa vybuduje centrum excelentného výskumu, čím sa výrazne zvýši kvalita podmienok, v ktorých prebieha metodológia výskumu protipovodňovej ochrany na Slovensku zameraná predovšetkým na strategickú oblasť integrovanej protipovodňovej ochrany.
  
  KEY WORDS: Centrum excelentnosti
  
  Address:
  - Peter Dušička, STU – Stavebná fakulta Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika (Corresponding author. Tel.:+4212 59274565 Fax.: +4212 59274619 Email: peter.dusicka@stuba.sk)
  - Andrej Šoltész, STU – Stavebná fakulta Radlinského 11 813 68 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Vlasta Štekauerová, Ústav hydrológie SAV Račianska 75 831 02 Bratislava, Slovenská republika
  - Pavel Dlapa, UK – Prírodovedecká fakulta Mlynská dolina 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenská republika